Page 157 →Index

Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations.

action, in annual oration, 85
afflictions, debate question about, xi, 59–60, 61
African Methodist Episcopal Church, xvii, 9n15
agricultural employment, debate question about, 83, 86
agriculture, debate question about, 47, 48
Alexander the Great, debate question about, 14, 23n8
ambition: in annual oration, xxv, 116; debate question about, xxii, 16, 17, 18; in semiannual oration, 112
American Antiquarian Society, xxxviin70
The American Debater (McElligott), xxi
American Whig Society (College of New Jersey), xvi
ancient history, debate question about, xxii, 40
The Ancient History of the Egyptians … (Rollin), 47, 63n1
ancient literature, debate question about, 10–11
anniversary celebrations: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 21, 22, 24, 39, 43; at the 1850–1852 meetings, 46–47, 66, 85; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 99–100, 116–17; at the 1855–1857 meetings, 125, 129, 133–34
annual orations, deliveries: at the 1849 meetings, 24, 44n9; at the 1850–1853 meetings, 46, 66, 67, 85, 99–100; at the 1854–1857 meetings, 116, 125, 129, 134
annual orations, overview, xxiv–xxv, 147
annual orator, deferrals and declines, 20, 32, 68, 95, 118
annual orator, elections: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 18, 21, 29, 32, 41, 44n9; at the 1850–1853 meetings, 48, 68, 86, 100; at the 1854 meetings, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122; at the 1855–1857 meetings, 126, 129, 130, 133–34
archive creation, xxvii–xxviii
armed force, debate question about, 113, 117
arrears list, discussion, 20
Athenians, debate question about, 89

Bachman, John, xxvi–xxvii, xxx, 122, 124n5
banishment, debate questions about: at the 1849 meetings, 30, 31, 44n7; at the 1854 meetings, 118, 123n3
Barreau, J. E., 114n18
Barrow, Gabriel F.: debate question proposal, 20; diploma proposal, 56; donations, 6, 12; in Friendly Association, 114n18; meeting date proposal, 17; membership admission, 5; membership expulsion motion, 19–20; in membership list, 9n13; motion seconds by, 19, 25, 32–33, 43; office positions, 12, 61; request for debate presentation, 20
Barrow, Gabriel F. (committee appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 16, 19, 26, 31, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 58
Barrow, Gabriel F. (debater appointments): at the 1848 meetings, 11, 14, Page 158 →16, 20; at the 1849 meetings, 30, 31, 37, 42; at the 1850 meetings, 51, 57, 62; at the 1851–1854 meetings, 74, 94, 109, 119
Bass, Ellen, 64n11
Bass, Job G.: at anniversary celebration, 24, 46; as annual orator, xxiv, 21, 24, 25; biographical highlights, 44n3, 64n11, 127n5; donations, xxvi, 25, 43, 48; honorary membership admission, 10, 13; letter with oration copy, 53, 54, 58
Battle of Waterloo, 83n2, 90, 97n3
Beaird, Enoch G.: as annual orator, xxiv, 32, 46; death, 132n2; donor’s gift presentation, 68; in founding members list, 8n2; honorary members proposal, 8; meeting date proposal, 17; membership discussions, 86; in membership list, 9n13; motion seconds by, 31, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 71; praise for departing members, 15–16; as quarterly orator, xxiv, 14; in Washington, DC, 132n2
Beaird, Enoch G. (committee appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 31, 39, 40, 43; at the 1850–1851 meetings, 47, 68, 83; at the 1852 meetings, 88, 92, 94, 96; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 102, 105, 109, 123
Beaird, Enoch G. (debater appointments): win pattern, xxi; at the 1847–1848 meetings, 5, 11, 14, 16; at the 1849 meetings, 29, 31, 33, 37, 40; at the 1850–1851 meetings, 57, 62, 72, 83; at the 1852–1854 meetings, 94, 109, 119
Beaird, Enoch G. (office positions): at the 1847–1848 meetings, 3, 12, 16, 19, 23n15, n20, 33; at the 1850–1852 meetings, 49, 72, 83, 87, 94; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 101, 113, 117, 122–23; at the 1855–1856 meetings, 126, 130–31
Beaird, Simeon W.: after dissolution of society, xiii, 136n; as annual orator, xxiv, 68, 69, 85; biographical highlights, xviii, xxxi, xxxvn27, 136n; dissolution speech, 135; donor’s gift presentations, 43, 58, 78; eulogy for member, 106–7; in founding members list, 8n2; letter from Payne, 54; library purchase presentations, 58, 63, 82–83; membership discussions, 19–20, 28, 39, 96; in membership list, 9n13; minutes dispute, 49; office positions, 8n1, 16, 19, 56, 64n13, 65n19, 71, 91, 93, 106; as quarterly orator, xxiv, 32, 43; request for debate presentation, xxvii, 20; resignation from office, 23n15; thank you recipient, xi, 57, 60–61
Beaird, Simeon W. (committee appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 19, 26, 31, 39–40, 41, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 51, 54, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 68, 74, 78; at the 1852 meetings, 88, 94, 96; at the 1853 meetings, 102, 105, 109, 112; at the 1854–1858 meetings, 123, 135
Beaird, Simeon W. (debater appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 20, 29, 30, 33, 36, 40; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 72, 83, 93; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 108, 119
Beaird, Simeon W. (motions about constitution): at the 1849 meetings, 28; at the 1851 meetings, 69, 73, 78, 79–80, 81; at the 1852 meetings, 87, 94; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 104–5, 110, 120
Beaird, Simeon W. (motions/proposals): bylaws alteration, 71–72; committee formations, 26, 31, 39, 41, 47, 135; debate deferrals, 71, 80–81, 82, 87, 121; dissolution procedures, 135; finances, 21, 25, 130; honorary members, 39, 96; honoring deceased members, 89–90, 106–7; invitations, 21, 43, 63, 83; library development, 21, 25, 26, 28, 36, 37; meeting dates, 20, 34, 40, 50, 71, 96–97, 104, 120, 121–22; office positions, 49, 68, 91, 121, 135; oration copy requests, xxvii, 22, 25, 32–33, 37, 105, 117; oration delivery dates, 55, 79; quorum numbers, 133; seconds by, 35, 51, 53, 54, 56, 70, 104, 105, 129, 130; semiannual orator election, 88; thank Page 159 →you actions, 39, 41, 43, 47, 52, 68, 70, 81, 122; withdrawal of membership application, 86
benefits for humanity, debate question about, 59–60, 61
benefits from riches, debate question about, 29, 30
Bible donation, xxvi, 25, 44n2
Bingham, Caleb, xviii
Bland, A. M., 8
Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, 83n2 Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon, 44n6, n12, 104, 113n7
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon, debate questions about
Bonneau, Frances Pinckney (later Holloway), xviii, xxvi, 68, 70, 84n3 Bonneau, Thomas S., xviii, 84n3 Book Committee, 8. See also library collection
The Book of the World (Fisher), xxvi, 82 Boyd, William Kenneth, xii
brackets, meaning in text, xli–xliii break-bone fever, 65n17
“breathe but burn” phrase, 109, 114n15
Brown Fellowship Society: cemetery, 97n2, n7, 114n10, 136n; invitation to, 43; mayoral query, xxxviiin50; members, 9n15, 127n4; recordkeeping, xxvii
Brumby, Richard Trapier, xxvi, 53, 64n8 Brutus, Lucius Junius (debate question about), 31, 44n8
bylaws: at the 1847–1849 meetings, 6, 14, 15, 40, 41; at the 1851 meetings: 71–72, 81

Cadet Riflemen Band, 43
Caesar, Julius (debate questions about): as persistent topic, xxii; at the 1850 meetings, 53, 61, 64n9, 65n21; at the 1852–1853 meetings, 89, 97n1, 110
Calhoun, John C., 64n7
California acquisition, debate question about, xxii, 20, 22, 23n17
Calliopean Society, 64n6
candles donation, 12
Capers, Francis Withers, xxvi, 52, 64n6, 114n15
capital punishment question, 33, 34, 44n11
Cardozo, Catherine F. McKinney, 137n
Cardozo, Henry J. D.: committee appointment, 112; debater appointments, 86, 94, 109, 122, 126; identification, xxxivn24; membership admission, 75, 78; as semiannual orator, 89, 92
Cardozo, Henry, Jr.: at anniversary celebration, 125; as annual orator, xxiv–xxv, 67, 100, 116, 117; biographical highlights, xviii, xxxi, 137n; donation, xxvi, 122; identification, xxxivn24; membership admission, 26; office positions, xii, 42, 103, 119, 121, 126, 127; photograph of, 27; as quarterly orator, xxiv, 42, 50–51; thank you recipient, 103
Cardozo, Henry, Jr. (committee appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 31, 39–40, 41; at the 1850 meetings, 49, 50, 51, 56; at the 1851 meetings, 68, 74, 78; at the 1852–1853 meetings, 88, 96, 112; at the 1854–1858 meetings, 123, 135
Cardozo, Henry, Jr. (debater appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 29, 33, 38, 42; at the 1850 meetings, 52, 59, 63; at the 1851–1854 meetings, 74, 86, 94, 119
Cardozo, Henry, Jr. (motions/proposals): debate deferrals, 53, 55, 100; dissolution of society, 135; finances, 130; meeting dates, 34, 35, 61–62, 101, 129; membership application procedure, 72, 79; oration copy requests, 67, 86, 100, 130; oration delivery procedures, 51, 55, 58, 59, 88, 121, 122; reading of Bass and Payne letters, 58; seconds by, 52, 112, 121; unfinished business, 95
Cardozo, Isaac N., 137n
Cardozo, Lydia Weston, 137n
carets, meaning in text, xli
Carlyle, Thomas, xxvi, 43, 45n19
Charlemagne, debate question about, xxii, 94, 97n6, 100
Page 160 →Charleston Library Society, xii, xiv, xxvii
Chrestomathic Literary Society (College of Charleston), xxi, xxii, xxxvin39
Christian Benevolent Society, 25
Christianity: in annual oration, xxv; scripture uses, xxv, 23n14, 65n20, 113n2, 114n12, 115n19, 127n2
churches, in free Black community, xvii–xviii
Cicero, debate question about, 57, 65n15
Citadel cadets, 52, 64n6
city life, debate question about, 52
civilization advancement, debate questions about, xxiii, 54, 55, 88, 89
civilized life, debate question about, 10
Civil War military service, xxx–xxxi, 64n11, 127n5, 136n
Clark, William B., 39
Clio, in Greek mythology, 44n4, 102, 103, 106, 116
Clionian Debating Society, overview: archive creation, xxvii–xxviii; debating procedures and questions, xx–xxiv, 141–45; library collection, xxv–xxvii, 149–51; membership characterized, xi–xii, xvi–xvii; members listed, 139–40; national context, xiii–xiv; orations, xxiv–xxv, 147; origins of bound minutes, xii–xiii; regional context, xvii–xix, xxxviin50; as safe social space, xvi–xvii, xxviii–xxxii; self-governance principle, xvi–xvii, xix–xx; significance of minutes for history, xiv–xv. See also specific topics, e.g., Beaird entries; library collection; membership decisions
Cliosophic Literary Society (College of Charleston), xxi, xxxvin39
Cliosophic Society (College of New Jersey), xvi
College of Charleston, xxi, xxvi, 9n12, 84nn8–9
College of New Jersey, xvi
Columbian Orator (Bingham), xviii commerce, debate question about, 47, 48
Committee of Queries, purpose, xx. See also debating activity, overview
Committee on Contracts and Building, 37–38
Committee on General Interests: purpose, 23n16; at the 1848–1849 meetings, 21, 24, 25, 26, 36, 38, 40; at the 1850 meetings, 50, 51, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 69–70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 82–83; at the 1852 meetings, 87, 88, 90, 91–92, 94; at the 1853–1856 meetings, 102–4, 109, 112, 123, 130
Committee on Revision of Rules, 105, 120
committees for thank yous.See thank you actions
composer responsibility, debate question about, 72, 73
constitution, new member readings and signings: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 12, 13, 41; at the 1851 meetings, 73, 79; at the 1852 meetings, 92–93, 96
constitution, original approval, 3
constitution, proposed changes: at the 1847–1849 meetings, 6, 14–15, 16, 17, 18, 28, 41; at the 1851 meetings, 71, 73, 80, 81; at the 1852–1854 meetings, 95, 104–5, 120
Cotarae, 43
country life, debate question about, 52 Crimean War, xxii, 123n2
Crito, debate question about, 122, 124n7, 126
Cromwell, debate question about, 59, 65n18
cultivated mind, in annual oration, xxv, 129
curfews, Black community, xxiv
current events, as debate question theme, xxi–xxii

Deas, Hannah G., 136n
Deas, Robert L.: as annual orator, 118, 120, 130, 134; biographical highlights, 136n; death, 136n; debater appointments, 52, 59, 67, 75, 87, 100, 110, 126; donations, 52, 53, 69, 74, 114n15; in Friendly Association, 114n18; membership admission, 40, 41; memorial Page 161 →page, 114n11; office positions, 49, 57, 75, 91, 106, 114n17; as semiannual orator, 71, 107, 112
Deas, Robert L. (committee appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 41, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 50, 51, 58, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 68, 74, 78, 81, 82; at the 1852 meetings, 92, 95, 96; at the 1853–1858 meetings, 104, 105, 135
Deas, Robert L. (motions/proposals): debate deferral, 130; meeting dates, 58, 59, 61, 95; oration copy request, 92; semiannual orator election, 83; thank you actions, 57, 58, 61, 78
death penalty, debate question about, xxiii, 33, 48
The Debater (Rowton), xxi
debating activity, overview: procedures, xx–xxi; questions and decisions listed, 141–45; questions characterized, xxi–xxiv
debating traditions, history overview, xv–xvii
Dellquest, Augustus Wilfrid, xii
Dellquest, Augustus William, xii, xiii
Dellquest, Grace Gruber, xii
Demosthenes, debate questions about, 48, 57, 63n2, 65n15
Dereef, Joseph Moulton Francis: committee appointments, 31; letter presentation, 122; membership admission, 5; in membership list, 9n13; office positions, 16, 92, 121; as semiannual orator, xxiv, 113, 118, 120
Dereef, Joseph Moulton Francis (debater appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 42; at the 1850–1852 meetings, 52, 59, 63, 75, 87; at the 1853–1855 meetings, 100, 109, 122, 126
Dereef, Richard E., xviii, 22, 126, 127n4, 133, 134n
destiny of man, in annual oration, 85
Dick, Thomas, 88, 105
diploma proposal, xxiii, 56
dishonesty, debate question about, 34, 35
dissolution, committee for, xx, xxxvn33, 135
distance of dominions, debate question about, xxxi, 101–2
The Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race … (Bachman), xxvi–xxvii, 122, 124n5
donations, 6, 12, 23n5, 35, 39. See also library collection, donations
Drago, Edmund L., xiv, xxiii, xxxvin39
Du Bois, W. E. B., xxix–xxx
Duke of Wellington, 83n2, 90, 97n3
Duke University, xii

education: debate question about, 63; in orations, xxv, 37, 70, 125; in pamphlet speech, xxvi; restrictions for free Blacks, xiii, xviii, 9n12; value in Black community, xviii, xxviii–xxx
Egypt a Witness for the Bible (Hawks), 63, 65n23
elections, rules about, 21, 41, 110. See also annual orator; membership decisions; office positions; quarterly orator; semiannual orator
emigration, debate question about, xxiii, 88, 89
enforcement clause, constitution proposal, 15
England, debate questions about: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 22, 29, 36, 44n5; at the 1850 meetings, 59, 65n18; at the 1854 meetings, xxii, 118–19, 123n3
Enterpean Debating Society, xvii, 21, 25
epidemic, 59, 65n17
Ethiopia, in annual oration, xxv, 125, 127n2
Europe, debate questions about, 67, 69, 83n2, 84n4, 86–87. See also England; France; Napoleon
evil or good, debate question about, 127, 131
expiration clause, constitution proposal, 15

fairs, debate questions about, 71, 72, 119
Farbeaux, Emma K.: biographical highlights, 44n13; donations, xxvi, 47, Page 162 →58; letter from Payne, 54; thank you recipient, 39, 40, 48, 61
Farbeaux, Jacob, 43, 44n13, 48
finances: at the 1847–1849 meetings, 6, 25, 26, 28, 32, 37, 42, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 50, 51, 56, 62, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 79, 81, 82; at the 1852 meetings, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96; at the 1853 meetings, 102, 105, 109, 110; at the 1854–1856 meetings, 117, 130
fire in Charleston, 54, 64n12
Fisher, Richard Swainson, xxvi, 84n11
Fitchett, E. Horace, xiv
flattery, debate question about, 117–18
Florida, debate question about, 106, 107–8, 113n9
Flowers Collection, xii–xiii
foreign broils, debate question about, 93
Forgotten Readers (McHenry), xvi
Forrester, Alexander C.: committee appointments, 78, 92; death, xxxi, 107, 114n10; debater appointments, 75, 88, 101; letter presentation, 75; membership admission, 73; office positions, 82, 89, 91, 94; as semiannual orator, 81, 83
founding members, 8n2
Fourth of July oration, Mitchell’s, 53, 64n10
France, debate questions about: at the 1849 meetings, 30, 38, 44n6, n12; at the 1854 meetings, xxii, 118–19
Franklin, Benjamin, xvi, 63, 65n23
Franklin, William Temple, 63, 65n23
free Black community, xvi–xix, xxvii, xxix
The French Revolution (Carlyle), xxvi, 43, 45n19
Friendly Association, xxvii, 23n4, 97n4, 114n18, 127n5, 136n
Friendly Moralist Society, xxvii, 44n3 Friendly Union Society, 9n15, 43, 97n2, 127n4
Frost, Henry, 105
Fugitive Slave Act, xv
furniture donation, 35

Gadsden Purchase, 97n5
Gailliard/Gaillard, William H.: as annual orator, xxiv, 48, 50, 66; conflict with Jacob Greene, xix, xxxvn32, 11; deliveries of membership applications, 86, 93; donation, 53; eulogy for member, 107; in founding members list, 8n2; honorary member vote, 8; letter presentations, 72, 86, 93; in members list, 9n13; praise for departing members, 15–16; as quarterly orator, xxiv, 22, 32; as semiannual orator, 126
Gailliard/Gaillard, William H. (committee appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 16, 19, 26, 31, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 48, 56, 58; at the 1851 meetings, 68, 78; at the 1852 meetings, 88, 96; at the 1853 meetings, 105, 109, 112
Gailliard/Gaillard, William H. (debater appointments): at the 1847–1849 meetings, 8, 11, 15, 18, 29, 33; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 52, 59; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 67, 75, 88; at the 1853–1855 meetings, 110, 126
Gailliard/Gaillard, William H. (motions/ proposals): about constitution, 28, 69; building rental, 111, 112; committee formations, 8, 96; honorary members, 10, 22, 88, 105, 108; library purchase, 52; meeting dates, 95, 104; oration copy requests, 43, 70; reading of Bass and Payne letters, 54; second by, 107; thank you actions, 61, 103; semiannual orator election, 78; timing of annual orator election, 47
Gailliard/Gaillard, William H. (office positions): at the 1848 meetings, 13, 19; at the 1850 meetings, 49; at the 1851 meetings, 67, 68, 73, 80, 82; at the 1852 meetings, 85, 86, 93
games, debate question about, 109–10, 111
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 44n12
genius: in annual oration, 32–33; debate question about, xxii, 80, 82, 83
geology speech, Brumby’s, xxvi, 53, 64n8
Page 163 →George Washington Flowers Collection, xii–xiii
“the good fight” term, 17, 23n14
good or evil, debate question about, 127, 131
government forms, debate questions about, 8, 10, 79, 80
government stability, debate question about, 119, 121–22
grammar differences, treatment in text, xli
Gray, Thomas, 114n15
Great Britain. See England, debate questions about
great events, debate question about, 126, 127
Greeks, debate questions about: at the 1850 meetings, 54, 55, 58–59, 65n16; at the 1851–1853 meetings, 67, 89, 109–10
Greene/Green, G. C.: bylaws proposal, 6, 7–8; in founding members list, 8n2; letter to honorary members elect, 10; in members list, 9n13; secretarial style, 9n10, n16; resignation, 14
Greene/Green, Jacob J., Jr.: conflict with Gailliard, xix, xxxvn32, 11; debater appointments, 4, 11; in founding members list, 8n2; honorary member vote, 8; in membership list, 9n13; membership proposals, 5; resignation, 14
Greene/Green, Jacob, Sr., 8
green oasis metaphor, xxviii–xxxii
Green-Wood Cemetery, 127n5
Greer, John Mayne, xii
Grimball, John B., Jr., 86
Grimshaw, William, xxvi, 43, 45n19
A Guide to Forming and Conducting Lyceums … (Morley), xxi

Hampton, Benjamin E. K.: as annual orator, 117, 118; constitution discussion, 120; debater appointments, 48, 54, 61, 69, 89, 103, 111, 127, 131; membership admission, 40, 41; motion, 41; motion second by, 43; office positions, 49, 60, 73, 86, 100, 130; as semiannual orator, 80; thank you recipient, 81
Hampton, Benjamin E. K. (committee appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 41, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 50, 63; at the 1852–1853 meetings, 91–92, 103, 105
handwritten text, examples, 4, 77
Hannibal, debate question about, xxii, 14, 15, 23n10
happiness: debate questions about, 22, 75, 83, 86, 109; in quarterly oration, 50
Harvard, xvi
Hawks, Francis L., xxvi, 63, 65n23
Hayne, Robert Y., xxxviin50
Hine, Darlene Clark, xxix, xxx
history, as debate question theme, xxii, xxxvin43, 40
History of England … (Macaulay), xxvi, 41, 45n16
History of France (Grimshaw), xxvi, 43, 45n19
Holbrook, Josiah, xvi, xxxiiin13
Holloway, Charles H., xviii, 16, 23n13, 66, 114n18
Holloway, Elizabeth Mitchell, 23n13
Holloway, Frances Pinckney (earlier Bonneau), xviii, xxvi, 68, 70, 84n3
Holloway, Richard S.: as annual orator, xxv, 119, 126, 129; biographical highlights, 84n3; committee appointments, 112; debater appointments, 113, 131; membership admission, 84n3, 101, 104–5, 106; office positions, 123, 125
honorary members: function of, 9n15; listed, 140
Horry, Augustus L.: committee appointments, 31, 39, 43, 58; donations, 35, 78, 82, 119; as honorary member, 96, 108–9; membership admission, 26; office positions, 67, 70, 71; participation summarized, xxviii; as quarterly orator, xxiv–xxv, 51, 58; resignation, 95–96
Horry, Augustus L. (debater appointments): at the 1849 meetings, 30, 34, 38; at the 1850 meetings, 48, 53, 60; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 68, 76, 89
Page 164 →Huger, Benjamin T., xviii, 8, 29, 32, 44n9, 89–90, 97n2
Hyames/Hyams, Isadore A.: committee appointments, 31, 43, 51, 74, 78, 104, 123; death, 127n5; departure letter, 127n5; in Friendly Association, 23n4, 114n18, 127n5; letter presentations, 40, 88; membership admissions, 12, 23n9, 26, 28; office positions, 14, 40, 62, 80, 101; resignation, 15–16, 88; as semiannual orator, 81
Hyames/Hyams, Isadore A. (debater appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 14, 30, 34, 38; at the 1850–1851 meetings, 47, 53, 60, 67–68, 76; at the 1852–1855 meetings, 89, 101, 111, 127

improvement of individual, debate question about, xxii, 132
improvements, debate question about, 100, 101
improvement spirit, debate question about, 119
improver praise, debate question about, 52–53
independence declaration, debate question about, xxi, 5
Indians, debate question about, 106, 107–8, 113n9
industry, debate question about, xxii, 80, 82, 83
industry spirit, debate question about, 119
influence, in annual oration, 99
intellect, debate question about, 75
intellectual culture, in annual oration, 134
intellectual excellence, debate question about, 74, 75
intemperance, debate question about, 34
interlineations, indications of, xli
intestine commotions, debate question about, 93
inventor praise, debate question about, 52–53
Irish treatment, debate question about, 36

Jacobs, Harriet, xv
Japan, 115n21
Jenkins, Earnestine, xxix, xxx
Johnson, J., 10
Josephus, Flavius, xxvi, 126, 127n3
Junto club, xvi
justice, debate question about, 48
just side in war, debate question about, 18, 19, 20

Kett, Joseph F, xxxiiin13
knowledge, in annual oration, 66. See also education
Koger, Larry, xviii
Kohne, Eliza Neufville, 44n13

Lafayette, debate question about, 108, 114n13
land-based machines, debate question about, 15
laws, debate question about, 102–4 learning, as debate question theme, xxii. See also education
Lee, Arthur Bonneau, 122, 123, 125
Legare, R. F., 12, 14, 15–16
“let your light so shine” phrase, 112, 115n19
library collection: overview, xxv–xxvii, xxx, xxxviin70, 149–51; archival purpose, xxvii–xxviii, 26; displays, 47, 116; purchases, 52, 58, 63, 82–83; rules motions, 28, 36, 37
library collection, donations: at the 1849 meetings, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44n2; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 48, 52, 53, 58; at the 1851 meetings, 69, 74, 78; at the 1853–1855 meetings, 114n15, 119, 122, 126
life imprisonment, debate question about, 33, 34, 44n11
Lindsay, J. F., 88–89, 91, 97n4, 114n18
liquor laws, debate question about, 109, 114n16
literacy. See education; library collection; reading
literary box, 6
literary glory, debate question about, xxii, 5, 8
Page 165 →literature, debate questions about, 10–11, 79, 80. See also education; reading
Long, Florian H., 8, 13
Lopez de Santa Anna, Antonio (debate question about), 76, 79, 84n10
Lord, W. S., 93, 94, 96, 104, 117, 123, 131
Ludeke, Ada L., 136n
Ludeke, Conrad D.: biographical highlights, xxx–xxxi, 136n; committee appointments, 96, 109, 135; death, 136n; debater appointments, 103, 113, 131; membership admission, 86, 90–91, 92–93; office positions, 100, 119, 126; participation summarized, xx
Ludeke, Elizabeth Chloe Sparrow Wrigley Esmond, 136n
Ludeke, Julia Brennan, 136n
Luther, Martin (debate question about), 51, 64n4
lyceums, xvi
Lycurgus, debate question about, 58–59, 65n16

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, xxvi, 41, 45n16
machines, debate question about, 15
Maine, debate question about, 109, 114n16
Marks, John Garrison, xi–xii, xix, xxxixn92
married life, debate question about, 75, 76
Marshall, William E.: membership admission, 5; in membership list, 9n13; membership problem, 43, 45n20, 47, 79; office positions, 16, 19, 51, 135; request for debate presentation, xxvii, 11; as semiannual orator, 93, 103, 105
Marshall, William E. (debater appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 11, 36, 39; at the 1850–1851 meetings, 48, 57, 61, 71, 79; at the 1852–1856 meetings, 90, 106, 118, 132
Maxwell, Stephen J.: committee appointments, 68, 81, 94, 96; in founding members list, 8n2; in membership list, 9n13; office positions, 3, 16, 19, 58, 59, 60, 87; as quarterly orator, xxx, 59, 70
Maxwell, Stephen J. (debater appointments): at the 1847–1849 meetings, 4, 18, 36, 38; at the 1850 meetings, 48, 54, 61; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 69, 79, 89; at the 1853–1856 meetings, 104, 117, 131
McElligott, James N., xxi
McHenry, Elizabeth, xvi
McKinlay, William, xviii, 21
McKinney, William, 105
Meagher, Thomas Francis (debate question about), 118, 119, 123n3
mechanical employment, debate question about, 83, 86
mechanical pursuit, debate question about, 37, 38
meet, the term, 60, 65n20
members, regular, listed, 139–40
membership application clause, constitution proposal, 15, 16
membership decisions: at the 1847–1849 meetings, 5, 12, 19–20, 26, 28, 40; at the 1851 meetings, 72–73, 75, 76, 77, 78; at the 1852 meetings, 86, 88–89, 90–91, 94, 96; at the 1853 meetings, 101, 104, 106, 110; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 122, 123, 125
mental culture, in semiannual oration, 92
Mexican Cession, 97n5
Mexico, debate questions about: at the 1847–1848 meetings, 4, 5, 8n8, 18, 19, 20; at the 1851 meetings, 76, 84n10
Miles, James Warley, xxvi, 74, 84n9 military careers, as debate question theme, xxii
military glory, debate question about, xxii, 5, 8
military protection, debate question about, 38, 39
minutes disputes, xix, 11–12, 13, 15, 48–49
Mishaw, John, xviii, 8, 89–90, 97n2
Mitchell, Nelson, 53, 64n10
modern history, debate question about, xxii, 40, 42
Page 166 →modern literature, debate question about, 10–11
monarchical government, debate question about, 8, 10
The Monuments of Egypt (Hawks), xxvi, 63, 65n23
Mood, Francis Asbury, xviii, xxi, xxxvn27, 6, 9n12, 11, 41, 42
Mood, Henry, xxxvn27
Mood, John Amos, xviii, xxxvn27, 6, 9n12, 10, 11
Mood, John (father), xxxvn27
Mood, William, xviii, xxxvn27, 6, 9n12
Moore, Charles H., xxxviin70
Moore, Thomas, xxvi, 68, 84n3
moral culture, in annual oration, 134
moral excellence, debate questions about, 74, 75, 119, 121–22
moral purity, debate question about, 52
Morley, Charles, xxi
mother or wife prayer question, 32, 33
mottos, 39–40, 41
multum in parvo, 11, 22n2
Myers, Amrita Chakrabarti, xviii

Napoleon, debate questions about: as persistent topic, xxii; at the 1848–1849 meetings, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23n10, 29, 44n5; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 67, 69, 83n2, 90, 93, 97n3
naval protection, debate question about, 38, 39
neglected genius, in annual oration, 32–33
New and Old Book Shops, xii
Newton, Isaac (in annual oration), 125, 127n1
Noble Deeds of Woman (Starling), xxvi, 63, 65n23
“no man liveth to himself” phrase, 99, 113n2

O’Brien, Michael, xiv
O’Brien, William Smith (debate question about), 118, 119, 123n3
office positions, elections: at the 1847–1849 meetings, 3, 16, 19, 20, 28–29, 35, 42; at the 1850 meetings, 48, 49–50, 55, 56, 62, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 68, 73, 81; at the 1852 meetings, 87, 90, 91, 93; at the 1853 meetings, 102, 103, 108, 111; at the 1854–1856 meetings, 119, 127, 131. See also president; reader; reporter; secretary; treasurer; vice president
office positions, installations: overview, xxiv; at the 1850 meetings, 49–50, 56–57, 63; at the 1851 meetings, 69, 73, 81, 82; at the 1852 meetings, 87–88, 91, 92, 94; at the 1853 meetings, 102, 103, 108–9, 111–12; at the 1854–1856 meetings, 122–23, 125, 131–32
office positions, temporary appointments: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 12, 13, 14, 33; at the 1850 meetings, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62; at the 1851 meetings, 67, 70–71, 72, 73, 75, 80; at the 1852 meetings, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94; at the 1853 meetings, 100, 101, 106, 113; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 117, 121, 126
Oliver, F. H., 3, 5, 8, 8n2, 9n13, 11, 13, 14
oracles, debate question about, 109–10, 111
orations, overview, xxiv–xxv, 147. See also annual orator; quarterly orator; semiannual orator
Oregon Country, 97n5

pamphlets of speeches, xxvi, 52, 64nn5–6, n8, n10, 74, 84nn8–9
paper donation, 6
Parker, John S., 8, 18, 20, 21
patriotism, debate questions about, 61, 111, 113, 131
Paul, Christian scripture, 23n14, 65n20
Paulding, James Kirke, xxvi, 43, 45n19
Payne, Daniel A.: biographical highlights, xvii, xviii, xxxvn28, 9n15, 97n2; honorary membership admission, 8; letters, 31, 54, 58; photograph of, 7
penalties clause, constitution proposal, 15 Penny Post, 95, 98n8
Perry, Matthew, 115n21
perseverance: debate question about, xxii, 80, 82, 83; in quarterly orations, xxiv, 43, 58
Page 167 →philosophy, debate question about, 67
Pius IX, 44n7, n12
Plato, 127n7
poetry, debate question about, 67
Pompey, debate question about, xxiii, 89, 90, 97n1
pope banishment, debate question about, 30, 31, 44n7
Porter, Dorothy B., xvi
Porter, William Dennison, 74, 84n8
Powers, Bernard E., Jr., xiv
president position, changes in constitution, 15, 18, 104, 105, 110
president position, temporary appointments: at the 1851 meetings, 68, 73, 82, 83; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 119, 121, 126; at the 1856–1858 meetings, 130–31, 134, 135. See also office positions, elections
“President’s hat” action, xxix, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113n6, 117, 119
press restraint, debate question about, 11 primitive society, debate questions about, 111, 113, 131
principle, in annual oration, 85
professional pursuit, debate question about, 37, 38
progress, debate question about, 102–4 progressive spirit, debate question about, 126, 127
“The Progress of Poesy” (Gray), 114n15
prosperity, debate question about, 93, 102–4
Protagoras of Abdera, xvi
pro tempore, meaning in minutes, 8n5
protested minutes, xix, 11–12, 13, 15, 48–49
Psalm 68:31, xxv, 127n2
publications. See library collection public opinion, debate question about, 117–18
publisher responsibility, debate question about, 72, 73
punishment, debate question about, 39

quarterly orations: characterized, xxiv; listed, 147; resolutions/motions about, 15, 36, 58, 59
quarterly orations, deliveries: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 14, 22, 42–43; at the 1850–1851 meetings, 50, 58, 70. See also semiannual orations, deliveries
quarterly orator, elections: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 14, 15, 21, 22, 29, 32, 42; at the 1850 meetings, 51, 59. See also semiannual orator, elections
quire, defined, 9n11
quorum, proposed changes, xxii, 15, 133
quorum clause, constitution proposal, 15

Rare Book Shop, xii
reader position, 3, 8, 72, 79, 81
reading: debate question about, 11, 12, 22n3; in semiannual oration, xxiv, 120. See also education; library collection
Regulus, debate question about, 62, 65n22
religious toleration, debate question about, 119, 121–22
rental committee, 111, 112, 114n18
reporter position, 3, 12, 16, 19, 100, 101, 126
republican government, debate question about, 8, 10
revenge, debate question about, 42
Revision of Rules Committee, 105, 120
revolutions, debate questions about: at the 1851 meetings, 69, 76, 84n4, n10; at the 1853 meetings, 108, 114n13
rewards: debate question about, 39, 40; in annual oration, xxiv–xxv, 116
riches, debate question about, 29, 30
Roberts, Benjamain L.: as annual orator, xxv, 121, 122, 125, 127n1; biographical highlights, xxxviin61; committee appointment, 123; debater appointments, 118, 132; membership admission, 110; office position, 121
Roberts, Catherine Dereef, xxxviin61
Roberts, E. Rainey, xxxviin61
Rollin, Charles, 47, 63n1
romance reading, debate question about, 11, 12, 22n3
Romans 14:7, 113n2
Romans, debate question about, 54, 55
Rome, debate question about, 38, 44n12. See also Caesar; Regulus
Page 168 →Rowton, Frederic, xxi
Rubicon, debate question about, 61, 62, 65n21
rude society, debate questions about, 111, 113, 131
rule book change, 19, 23n16
Russia, debate question about, xxii, 118, 119

Sanders, Robert: committee appointments, 96, 102, 104; debater appointments, 80, 90, 106, 118; membership admission, 78; office positions, 85, 87, 93; as semiannual orator, 119, 122, 126
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de (debate question about), 76, 79, 84n10
savage life, debate question about, 10
Scenes in Spain, 43, 45n19
schooling restrictions, free Blacks, xiii, xviii, 9n12
Schweninger, Loren, xviii
sciences, debate question about, xxii, 80, 82, 83
Scott, Winfield, 8n8
scripture, xxv, 23n14, 65n20, 113n2, 114n12, 115n19, 127n2
secretary position, temporary appointments: at the 1848 meetings, 12, 13, 14; at the 1851–1853 meetings, 70–71, 106; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 119, 121, 127. See also office positions, elections
Select Convivial Society, 43, 45n21
Self-Cultivation (Porter), 84n8
self-governance principle, xvi–xvii, xix–xx
semiannual orations, deliveries, 92, 103, 105, 111, 112, 147
semiannual orator, elections: proposed timing change, 79; at the 1851 meetings, 71, 78, 80, 81, 83; at the 1852 meetings, 88, 89, 93; at the 1853 meetings, 107, 112–13; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 118, 119, 122, 126
Seminole, debate question about, 106, 107–8, 113n9
Senate speeches, xxvii, xxx, 52, 64n5
Seymour, William W., 8, 97n2
Shakespearean phrases, 108, 114n12, n14
single life, debate question about, 75, 76
Sketch of the Seminole War, 43, 45n19
slander, debate question about, 117, 118
slavery, xv, xviii, xxii–xxiii, xxvi
society, debate question about, xxii, 132
Society of United Irishmen, 113n6
Socrates, debate questions about: at the 1849 meetings, 33, 44n10; at the 1850 meetings, 48, 63n2; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 122, 126, 127n7
soldier, debate question about, 61
solitude, debate question about, xxii, 132
Solon, debate question about, 58–59, 65n16
Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), xxix–xxx
Spartans, debate question about, 89
spelling differences, treatment of, xli
sperm candles donation, 12, 23n5
Spy Club (Harvard), xvi
Squires, Catherine R., xix
Starling, Elizabeth, xxvi, 63, 65n23
State Military Academies (Capers), 64n6
statesman, debate question about, 61
steam power, debate questions about, 13, 16, 36
Stent, Marion L., 88–89, 91, 97n4, 114n18
success, debate question about, 127, 131
supporters, listed, 140. See also donations
sword’s value, debate question about, 87, 88

taxes, 44n13, 114n10, 136n
telegraph, debate question about, 36
territory increase, debate question about, 94, 97n5, 131
Texas annexation, 97n5
thank you actions: at the 1849 meetings, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 48, 52, 53, 57, 58, 60–61; at the 1851–1854 meetings, 68, 70, 78, 81, 103, 122
Themistocles, debate question about, 57, 65n14
2 Thessalonians, 65n20
Page 169 →“thrice welcomed” phrase, 108, 114n14
1 and 2 Timothy, 23n14
trade, debate question about, 113, 117
transcription process, xli–xliii
treasurer position, temporary appointments, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19. See also finances; office positions, elections; secretary position, temporary appointments
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 8n8 “trumpet tongues must cease” phrase, 108, 114n12
Turkey, debate question about, xxii, 118, 119

University of North Carolina, xvi
Utopian Debating Society: at anniversary celebrations, 46, 66, 85; as concurrent debating society, xvii; donation, 26; invitations, 39, 43, 63, 78, 83, 96

Van Diemen’s Land, 123n3
vice president position, temporary appointments: at the 1848–1849 meetings, 14, 33; at the 1850 meetings, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62; at the 1851 meetings, 67, 70–71, 72, 73, 75, 80; at the 1852 meetings, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94; at the 1853 meetings, 100, 101, 106, 113; at the 1854–1855 meetings, 117, 121, 126. See also office positions, elections
vote by president clause, constitution proposal, 15

war, debate questions about, 42, 61, 113. See also Mexico; military entries
Washington, George (debate questions about), 14, 23n8, 51
Washington, Sarah E., 132n2
water-based machines, debate question about, 15
Waterloo, debate question about, xxii, 90, 93, 97n3
Watt, James (in annual oration), 125, 127n1
Webster’s Dictionary, 43, 45n18
Wellington, debate question about, xxii, 90, 93, 97n3
Weston, Hannah Clark, 97n7, 136n
Weston, Jacob, xviii, 8, 9n15, 85, 99, 113n1, 134
Weston, Lydia, 137n
Weston, Monimia, 136n
Weston, Samuel (honorary member): at anniversary celebrations, 24, 116, 129; biographical highlights, xviii, 9n15, 136n; honorary membership admission, 8
Weston, Samuel W. (regular member): debater appointments, 5, 10, 12; family relationships, 9n15; in founding members list, 8n2; in membership list, 9n13; motions by, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14; as quarterly orator, 5, 14; resignation, 14
Weston, William O.: as annual orator, xxiv, 67, 68, 86, 95, 96, 99–100; biographical highlights, xviii, 136n; Clio appreciation, 44n4; donation, 52; donor’s gift presentation, 47; family relationships, 9n15, 97n7, 113n1; in founding members list, 8n2; letter presentation, 26; on member resignations, 15–16; membership discussions, 28; in membership list, 9n13; minutes disputes, 49, 96; mother’s death, 97n7; office positions, 12, 13, 14, 16, 48, 71, 93, 134; as quarterly orator, xxiv, xxv, xxvii, 29, 37
Weston, William O. (committee appointments): at the 1847–1849 meetings, 3, 19, 26, 39–40, 43; at the 1850 meetings, 47, 51, 56, 58, 63; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 69, 81, 96; at the 1853–1858 meetings, 102, 105, 135
Weston, William O. (debater appointments): at the 1848–1849 meetings, 10, 12, 15, 36, 39; at the 1850 meetings, 51, 57, 61; at the 1851–1852 meetings, 71, 80, 93; at the 1853–1854 meetings, 108, 118
Weston, William O. (motions/proposals): bylaws changes, 40; committee formations, 19, 105; constitution changes, 6, Page 170 →14–15, 16, 28, 40–41; debate deferrals, 28, 54; debate question, 20; honorary members, 21; invitation to Utopian Debating Society, 96; meeting dates, 20, 29, 56; oration copy requests, 25, 50–51, 58, 105, 121; reading of Bass and Payne letters, 54; seconds by, 20, 21, 22, 25, 41, 50, 52, 53, 55; thank you actions, 53, 60–61
What to Read … (C. Moore), xxxviin70
wife or mother prayer question, 32, 33
Wikramanayake, Marina, xx
Wilson, Kirt H., xxx
women: at anniversary celebrations, 116, 123n1, 125, 133–34; donations from, xxvi, 39, 47, 58, 68; in free Black community, xvii
World’s Fair, debate question about, 71, 72, 84n7

yellow fever, 124n6
youth discipline, debate question about, 89

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