Skip to main content
table of contents
Page 152 →Bibliography
- Abbot, Elizabeth. Sugar: A Bittersweet History. London: Duckworth Overlook, 2008.
- “About Us | Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site.” Accessed February 20, 2015. http://corporate.britannica.com/about/.
- Addison, Joseph. “No. 101. Thursday, December 1, 1709.” The Tatler: By the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq, 2007. Accessed January 4, 2015. quod.lib.umich.edu.
- Aesop. “Fable 89: The Birds, the Peacock, and His Feathers.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 46–47. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- ———. “Fable 325: The Jackdaw and the Doves.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 156. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- ———. “Fable 326: The Jackdaw and the Peacocks.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 156–57. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- ———. “Fable 327: The Jackdaw and the Ravens.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 157. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- ———. “Fable 328: The Crow, the Eagle, and the Feathers.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 157. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- ———. “Fable 329: A Beauty Contest of the Birds.” In Aesop’s Fables, translated by Laura Gibbs, 158. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Aigrain, Philipe. “The Individual and the Collective in Open Information Communities.” 16th BLED Electronic Commerce Conference, 2004.
- Alford, H. “Not a Word.” New Yorker, August 29, 2005. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/08/29/not-a-word.
- Anderson, L. V. “Wendy Davis Supporters Review Her Pink Sneakers on Amazon.” Slate, June 27, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2013/06/27/wendy_davis_sneakers_amazon_reviews_and_craigslist_ad_pro_choice_solidarity.html.
- Auerbach, David. “Encyclopedia Frown.” Slate, December 11, 2014. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/12/wikipedia_editing_disputes_the_crowdsourced_encyclopedia_has_become_a_rancorous.html.
- Aufderheide, Patricia, and Peter Jaszi. Reclaiming Fair Use: How to Put Balance Back in Copyright. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
- Ayers, Phoebe, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates. How Wikipedia Works and How You Can Be a Part of It. San Francisco: No Starch, 2008.
- Bacon, Francis. “An Advertisement Touching upon a Holy War.” In The Works of Francis Bacon, edited by James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and Douglas Denon Heath, 13:173–217. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Riverside, n.d. http://ia600204.us.archive.org/20/items/worksoffrancisba13bacoiala/worksoffrancisba13bacoiala.pdf.
- ———. “Aphorism XCV.” In The Philosophical Works of Francis Bacon, edited by Peter Shaw, 392. London: J.J. and P. Knapton et al, 1733.
- Baker, Nicholson. “The Charms of Wikipedia.” New York Review of Books, March 20, 2008. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2008/mar/20/the-charms-of-wikipedia/.
- Bald, Margaret. Banned Books: Literature Suppressed on Religious Grounds. New York: Facts on File, 1998.
- Page 154 →Banks, Adam J. Race, Rhetoric, and Technology: Searching for Higher Ground. Urbana, Ill.: National Council of Teachers of English, 2006.
- Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” In Image-Music-Text, translated by Stephen Heath, 142–48. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977.
- Barton, Matthew D. and James R. Heiman. “Process, Product, and Potential: The Archaeological Assessment of Collaborative, Wiki-Based Student Projects in the Technical Communication Classroom.” Technical Communication Quarterly 21, no. 1 (2012): 46–60.
- Bazerman, Charles. “The Case for Writing Studies as a Major Discipline.” In Rhetoric and Composition as Intellectual Work, edited by Gary Olson, 32–38. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002.
- The Bears and Bees. Directed by Wilfred Jackson. Walt Disney Productions, 1932.
- Behme, Tim. “Isocrates on the Ethics of Authorship.” Rhetoric Review 23.3 (2004): 197–215.
- Bekman, Jen, Paddy Johnson, Nion McEvoy, Dustin Hostetler, and Gina Trapani. “Curating the Crowdsourced World.” Presentation at SxSW Interactive, Austin, Texas, March 19, 2009.
- Bencherki, Nicolas. “Mediators and the Material Stabilization of Society.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 9.1 (2012): 101–6.
- Benkler, Yochai. The Penguin and the Leviathan: How Cooperation Triumphs over Self-Interest. New York: Crown, 2011.
- ———. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2006.
- Benoit-Barné, Chantal. “Socio-technical Deliberation about Free and Open Source Software: Accounting for the Status of Artifacts in Public Life.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 93.2 (2007): 211–35.
- Berman, Ric. Foundations of Modern Freemasonry: The Grand Architects—Political Change and the Scientific Enlightenment, 1720–1740. Brighton: Sussex Academic, 2011.
- Berners-Lee, Tim, and Mark Fischetti. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor. New York: Harper San Francisco, 1999.
- Biagioli, Mario, and Peter Galison. Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science. New York: Routledge, 2003.
- Biagioli, Mario, Peter Jaszi, Mario Biagioli, and Martha Woodmansee. Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property: Creative Production in Legal and Cultural Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
- Blake, Erin C. “Zograscopes, Virtual Reality, and the Mapping of Polite Society in Eighteenth-Century England.” In New Media 1740–1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree, 1–30. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993.
- Boerhaave, Herman. A New Method of Chemistry. Translated by Ephraim Chambers. London: J. Osborn and T. Longman, 1727.
- Bolter, J. David. Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1991.
- Bolter, J. David, and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.
- Boyd, Danah. “On a Vetted Wikipedia: Reflexivity and Investment in Quality.” Zephoria. January 8, 2005. Accessed June 14, 2005.
- Boylan, Patrick J. “The Museum Profession.” In A Companion to Museum Studies, edited by Sharon Macdonald, 415–31. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
- Boyle, James. “The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain.” Law and Contemporary Problems 66 (2003): 33–74.
- Briggs, Asa. A History of Longmans and Their Books, 1724–1990: Longevity in Publishing. New Castle, Del: Oak Knoll, 2008.
- Brooke, Collin. Lingua Fracta: Toward a Rhetoric of New Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2009.
- Broughton, John. Wikipedia: The Missing Manual. Beijing: O’Reilly, 2008.
- Brown, Jennings. “Wendy Davis’ Filibuster by the Numbers.” Esquire, June 26, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/wendy-davis-filibuster-by-the-numbers-062613.
- Page 155 →Brown, Jr., James J. Ethical Programs: Hospitality and the Rhetorics of Software. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015.
- Bryant, Susan L., Andrea Forte, and Amy Bruckman. “Becoming Wikipedian: Transformation of Participation in a Collaborative Online Encyclopedia.” In GROUP ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, 1–10. New York: ACM, 2005.
- Burton, Summer Anne. “The Internet Celebrates Texas State Senator Wendy Davis’ Filibuster.” BuzzFeed, June 26, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.buzzfeed.com/summeranne/wendy-davis-filibuster-texas-sb5-reactions-celebration.
- Bush, Vannevar. “As We May Think.” Atlantic, July 1945. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/.
- Butler, Timothy L. “Can a Computer Be an Author? Copyright Aspects of Artificial Intelligence.” Comm/Ent Law Journal 4.4 (1982): 707–47.
- Butler, William. The Feminine Monarchie; or, The Historie of Bees. London: John Haviland, 1623.
- Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. “Agency: Promiscuous and Protean.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 2.1 (2005): 1–19.
- “Category: All_Wikipedia_bots.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 21, 2013. Accessed February 21, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_bots.
- Chambers, Ephraim. “Abaptiston.” Cyclopædia; or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . . . London: James and John Knapton, et al., 1728.
- ———. “Androides.” Cyclopaedia; or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . . . London: James and John Knapton, et al., 1728.
- ———. Considerations Preparatory to a Second Edition, Submitted to the Publick. London. JJ Coll., D05–D08. Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1734.
- ———. Cyclopædia; or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . . . 1st ed. London: James and John Knapton, et al., 1728. Accessed December 12, 2008. http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/HistSciTech/Cyclopædia.
- ———. Preface. Cyclopaedia; or, An Universal Dictionary . . . i–xxx. London: James and John Knapton, et al., 1728.
- Chappell, Bill. “Wikipedia Irks Philip Roth with Reluctance to Edit Entry about His Novel.” the two-way, National Public Radio, September 7, 2012. Accessed May 28, 2013. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/09/07/160776104/wikipedia-irks-philip-roth-with-reluctance-to-edit-entry-about-his-novel.
- Ciffolilli, Andrea. “Phantom Authority, Self-Selective Recruitment, and Retention of Members in Virtual Communities: The Case of Wikipedia.” First Monday 8.12 (2005). Accessed February 21, 2015. http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1108/1028.
- Clarke, J. R. “The Royal Society and Early Grand Lodge Freemasonry.” In Ars Quatuor Coronatum: Transactions of Quator Coronati Lodge No. 2076, London, with the Supplement Miscellanea Latormorum or Masonic Notes and Queries. Vol. 70. York: Ben Johnson, 1967.
- Cohen, Julie E. “Copyright, Commodification, and Culture: Locating the Public Domain.” In The Future of the Public Domain: Identifying the Commons in International Law, edited by L. Guibault and P. B. Hugenholtz, 121–66. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2006.
- Cohen, Noam. “Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia’s Contributor List.” New York Times, January 30, 2011. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/business/media/31link.html.
- Collier, Benjamin, and Julia Bear. “Conflict, Criticism, or Confidence: An Empirical Examination of the Gender Gap in Wikipedia Contributions.” In CSCW ’12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 383–92. New York: ACM, 2012.
- Collison, Robert A. Encyclopedias: Their History throughout the Ages. New York: Hafner, 1966.
- Comenius, Johann Amos. Orbis Pictus (1887). Kila, Mont.: Kessinger, 1942.
- “Community-Curated Works.” P2P Foundation. Last modified May 2, 2010. Accessed May 29, 2009. http://p2pfoundation.net/Community-Curated_Works.
- “Conflicting Wikipedia Philosophies.” Wikimedia. Last modified January 24, 2014. Accessed January 24, 2014. http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Conflicting_Wikipedia_philosophies.
- Page 156 →Cooper, Marilyn. “Rhetorical Agency as Emergent and Enacted.” College Composition and Communication 62.3 (2011): 420–49.
- Cowan, Harrison J. Time and Its Measurement: From the Stone Age to the Nuclear Age. New York: World, 1958.
- Cowper, Francis. A Prospect of Gray’s Inn. 2nd ed. London: GRAYA on behalf of Gray’s Inn, 2005.
- Cox, Jane. “A Chronology of the Wax Chandlers History.” Worshipful Company of Wax Chandlers. N.d. Accessed July 22, 2013. waxchandlers.org.uk.
- Crane, Eva. The World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting. New York: Routledge, 1999.
- “Cultural Impact of The Colbert Report.” Wikipedia. Last modified January 23, 2015. Accessed May 28, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_The_Colbert_Report.
- Cummings. Robert E. Lazy Virtues: Teaching Writing in the Age of Wikipedia. Nashville, Tenn: Vanderbilt University Press, 2009.
- Cummings, Robert E. and Matthew Barton, eds. Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
- Cunningham, Ward. “Wiki Design Principles.” C2.com, April 2013. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiDesignPrinciples.
- “Curation.” Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press. December 2015. Accessed January 7, 2016. http://www.oed.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/view/Entry/45958?redirectedFrom=curation.
- Daly, Lloyd W. Contributions to a History of Alphabetization in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Brussels: Latomus, 1967.
- “Darwin, Minnesota.” Wikipedia. Last modified December 17, 2014. Accessed February 13, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin,_Minnesota.
- Davis, Andrea, Susan Webb, Dundee Lackey, and Dànielle Nicole DeVoss. “Remix, Play, and Remediation: Undertheorized Composing Practices.” In Writing (and) the Digital Generation, edited by Heather Urbanski, 186–97. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2010.
- Davis, Diane. Inessential Solidarity: Rhetoric and Foreigner Relations. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.
- Daye, John. The Parliament of Bees. London: William Lee, 1641.
- Defoe, Daniel. An essay on the regulation of the press. London, Printed in the Year, 1704. Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Gale. Syracuse University Libraries. Accessed January 13, 2016. http://find.galegroup.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=nysl_cesyr&tabID=T001&docId=CW104394386&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE
- –––“Miscellanea.” In Defoe’s Review 515–16 (1710), Reprinted in 16 Defoe’s Review, edited by Arthur Wellesley Secord. New York: Columbia University Press, 1938.
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.
- Derrida, Jacques. “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of Human Sciences.” In Writing and Difference, translated by Alan Bass, 278–94. London: Routledge, 1978.
- Dias, Patrick, Aviva Freedman, Peter Medway, and Anthony Par. Worlds Apart: Acting and Writing in Academic and Workplace Contexts. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1999.
- “The Digital Humanities Manifesto 2.0.” A Digital Humanities Manifesto. Last modified May 29, 2009. Accessed October 23, 2014. http://manifesto.humanities.ucla.edu/2009/05/29/the-digital-humanities-manifesto-20/.
- Doll, Jen. “The Internet Stain of a Philip Roth Wikipedia Entry.” Atlantic Wire, September 7, 2012. Accessed February 20, 2015. http://www.thewire.com/entertainment/2012/09/internet-stain-philip-roth-wikipedia-entry/56646/.
- Donaldson v. Beckett (1774) 2 Brown’s Parl. Cases 129, 1 Eng. Rep. 837; 4 Burr. 2408, 98 Eng. Rep. 257; 17 Cobbett’s Parl. Hist. 953 (1813).
- Donnelly, Marian C. “Jefferson’s Observatory Design.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 35.1(1977): 33–35.
- Eco, Umberto, Patrizzia Magli, and Alice Otis. “Greimassian Semantics and the Encyclopedia.” Greimassian Semiotics 20.3 (1989): 707–21.
- Page 157 →Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Vols. 2 and 2. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
- “Ephraim Chambers to Macbean.” Gentleman’s Magazine, June 1785, 413.
- Espinasse, Frank. “Ephraim Chambers (1680?–1740).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Rev. Michael Harris. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Esterly, David. The Lost Carving: A Journey to the Heart of Making. New York: Viking, 2012.
- Eyman, Douglas. “Computer Gaming and Technical Communication: An Ecological Framework.” Technical Communication 55.3 (2008): 242–50.
- Ezell, Margaret J. M. Social Authorship and the Advent of Print. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
- Farr, Evan H. “Copyrightability of Computer-Created Works.” Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal 63 (1989): 9–17.
- Febvre, Lucien, and Henri-Jean Martin. The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450–1800. London: Verso, 1997.
- Fisher, William E. Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2004.
- Foner, Leonard N. “Entertaining Agents: A Sociological Case Study.” AGENTS ’97: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 122–29. New York: ACM, 1997.
- Foucault, Michel. “What Is an Author?” In The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow, 101–20. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
- “Free But Not Easy.” The Economist. Nov. 5, 2011.
- Freedman, Aviva, and Graham Smart. “Navigating the Current of Economic Policy: Written Genres and the Distribution of Cognitive Work at a Financial Institution.” Mind, Culture, and Activity 4.4 (1997): 238–55.
- Frost, William. “Dryden’s Virgil.” Comparative Literature 35.3 (1984): 193–208.
- Geisler, Cheryl. “Textual Objects: Accounting for the Roles of Texts in the Everyday Life of Complex Organizations.” Written Communication 18 (2001): 296–325.
- Giles, Jim. “Special Report: Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head.” Nature 438 (2008): 900–901. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html.
- Gitelman, Lisa. Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
- Gordon, D. H., and N. L. Torrey. The Censoring of Diderot’s Encyclopédie and the Re-established Text. New York: Columbia University Press, 1947.
- Granovetter, Mark S. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78.6 (1973): 1360–80.
- Greenberg, Bernard L. “Laurence Sterne and Chambers’ Cyclopædia.” Modern Language Notes 69.8 (1954): 560–62.
- Gupta, Prachi. “Philip Roth vs. Wikipedia.” Salon, September 7, 2012. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.salon.com/2012/09/07/philip_roth_vs_wikipedia/.
- Gurak, Laura J. Cyberliteracy: Navigating the Internet with Awareness. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.
- Halavais, Alex. “The Isuzu Experiment.” A Thaumaturgical Compendium, August 8, 2004. Accessed February 15, 2015. http://alex.halavais.net/the-isuzu-experiment.
- ———. “Please Don’t Do This.” A Thaumaturgical Compendium, September 5, 2004. Accessed February 15, 2015. http://alex.halavais.net/please-dont-do-this.
- “Harris, John (c. 1666–1719).” Sackler Archive NA7540. Royal Society. Accessed July 23, 2013. http://royalsociety.org/library/collections/biographical-records/.
- Hartelius, E. Johanna. The Rhetoric of Expertise. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2011.
- Harvey, Ross. Digital Curation: A How-to-Do-It Manual. New York: Neal-Schuman, 2010.
- Hawhee, Debra. Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw: Animals, Language, Sensation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.
- Hawhee, Debra, and Christa J. Olson. “Pan-historiography: The Challenges of Writing History across Time and Space.” In Theorizing Histories of Rhetoric, edited by Michelle Baliff, 90–105. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2013.
- Page 158 →Heilbronner, Robert L. “Do Machines Make History?” In Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism, edited by Leo Marx and Merritt Roe Smith, 37–66. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994.
- Hern, Alex. “Wikipedia ‘Edit-a-Thon’ Seeks to Boost Number of Women Editors.” Guardian, March 4, 2014. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/mar/04/wikipeadi-edit-a-thon-boost-women-editors.
- Hill, Benjamin, and Aaron Shaw. “The Wikipedia Gender Gap Revisited: Characterizing Survey Response Bias with Propensity Score Estimation.” PLoS ONE 8.6 (2013). Accessed February 21, 2015. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065782.
- Hillway, Tyrus. “Melville’s Education in Science.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 16.3 (1974): 411–25.
- Horn, Tammy. Bees in America: How the Honey Bee Shaped a Nation. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006.
- Howard, Rebecca Moore. “Postpedagogical Reflections on Plagiarism and Capital.” In Beyond Postprocess, edited by Sidney I. Dobrin, J. A. Rice, and Michael Vastola, 219–31. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2011.
- ———. Standing in the Shadow of Giants: Plagiarists, Authors, Collaborators. Stamford, Conn.: Ablex, 1999.
- Hundert, E.G. The Enlightenment’s Fable: Bernard Mandevillle and the Discovery of Society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
- “Immediatism.” Wikipedia. Last modified October 28, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Immediatism.
- Jacob, Margaret C. The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons, and Republicans. Lafayette, La.: Cornerstone Books, 2006.
- Jacobson, Jean Alice. “How Should Poetry Look? The Printer’s Measure and Poet’s Line.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota, 2008.
- Jefferson, Thomas. Writings. New York: Library of America, 1984.
- Jemielniak, Dariusz. Common Knowledge? An Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2014.
- Jenkins, Henry. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2012.
- Johns, Adrian. The Nature of the Book. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
- ———. Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
- Johnson, Jim. “Mixing Humans and Nonhumans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer.” Social Problems 35.3 (1988): 298–310.
- Johnson, Steven. Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software. New York: Scribner, 2001.
- Johnson-Eilola, Johndan. “Among Texts.” In Rhetorics and Technologies: New Directions in Writing and Communication, edited by Stuart Selber, 33–55. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2010.
- ———. Datacloud: Toward a New Theory of Online Work. Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton, 2005.
- Jones, Scott. “From Writers to Information Coordinators: Technology and the Changing Face of Collaboration.” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 19.4 (2005): 449–67.
- Judkis, Maura. “Encyclopaedia Britannica Ends Print Edition; Goes Digital.” Washington Post—The Style Blog, March 14, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/arts-post/post/encyclopaedia-britannica-ends-print-edition-goes-digital/2012/03/14/gIQAT01gBS_blog.html.
- Kafker, Frank A. “William Smellie’s Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.” In Notable Encyclopedists of the Late Eighteenth Century: Eleven Successors of the Encyclopédie, vol. 315, 145–82. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution, 1994.
- Kaufer, David S., and Kathleen Carley. “Some Concepts and Axioms about Communication.” Written Communication 11.1 (1994): 8–42.
- Kelly, Kevin. “The Electronic Hive: Embrace It.” Harper’s Magazine, May 1994, 20–25.
- Page 159 →Kelty, Christopher. “Inventing Copyleft.” In Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property: Creative Production in Legal and Cultural Perspective, edited by Mario Biagioli, Peter Jaszi, and Martha Woodmansee, 133–48. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
- Kennedy, James, and Russell C. Eberhardt. Swarm Intelligence. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
- Kennedy, Krista. “The Daw and the Honeybee: Situating Metaphors for Originality and Authorial Labor in the 1728 Chambers’ Cyclopædia.” College English 76.1 (2013): 35–58.
- ———. “Textual Machinery: Authorial Agency and Bot-Written Texts in Wikipedia.” In The Responsibilities of Rhetoric, edited by Michelle Smith and Barbara Warnick, 303–9. Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland, 2009.
- Kennedy, Krista, Charles Lamoine, and Cécile Révauger. “Ephraim Chambers (1680–1740).” Le Monde Maçonnique des Lumiéres (Europe-Amériques et Colonies). Vol. 1, edited by Charles Porset and Cecil Révauger, 728–30. Paris: Editions Honoré Champion, 2013.
- Kennedy, Krista and Rebecca Moore Howard. “Collaborative Pedagogy, Print to Digital.” In A Guide to Composition Pedagogies, 2nd edition, edited by Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper Taggart, Kurt Schick, and H. Brooke Hessler., 37–54. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
- Kirschenbaum, Matthew. Mechanisms: New Media and the Forensic Imagination. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012.
- Klein, Adam. “Slipping Racism into the Mainstream: A Theory of Information Laundering.” Communication Theory 22 (2012): 427–48.
- Kolb, Gwin J., and James H. Sledd. “Johnson’s ‘Dictionary’ and the Lexicographical Tradition.” Modern Philology 50.3 (1953): 171–94.
- Kristeva, Julia. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
- Kritskey, Gene. “Castle Beekeeping.” American Bee Journal 143.1 (2003): 26.
- LaGrandeur, Kevin. Androids and Intelligent Networks in Early Modern Literature and Culture. New York: Routledge, 2013.
- Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
- Lam, Shyong (Tony) K., Anuradha Uduwage, Zhenhua Dong, Shilad Sen, David R Musicant, Loren Terveen, and John Riedl. “WP: Clubhouse? An Exploration of Wikipedia’s Gender Imbalance.” In WikiSym ’11. Mountain View, Calif.: ACM, 2011. Accessed September 14, 2013. http://grouplens.org/system/files/wp-gender-wikisym2011.pdf.
- Landow, George P. Hypertext 3.0: Critical Theory and New Media in an Era of Globalization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
- Lane, Ryan. “Opening Our Operations with Wikimedia Labs.” Wikimedia Tech Blog, April 16, 2012. Accessed July 12, 2013. https://blog.wikimedia.org/2012/04/16/introduction-to-wikimedia-labs/.
- Lanier, Jaron. “Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism.” Edge, May 29, 2006. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.edge.org/conversation/digital-maoism-the-hazards-of-the-new-online-collectivism.
- ———. You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto. New York: Knopf, 2010.
- Latour, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.
- Lawson, William. The Country Housewife’s Garden. London: Roger Jackson, 1623.
- Lechner, Joan Marie. Renaissance Concepts of Commonplaces. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1962.
- LeFevre, Karen Burke. Invention as a Social Act. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.
- Leonard, David Charles. “Descartes, Melville, and the Mardian Vortex.” South Atlantic Bulletin 45.2 (1980): 13–25.
- Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
- ———. The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connection World. New York: Vintage, 2002.
- ———. Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity. New York: Penguin, 2004.
- ———. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. New York: Penguin, 2009.
- Leuf, Bo, and Ward Cunningham. The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2001.
- Levi-Strauss, Claude. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.
- Page 160 →Levy, David M. Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age. S.l.: Arcade, 2002.
- Lewis, Justin. “CMSs, Bittorrent Trackers and Large-Scale Rhetorical Genres: Analyzing Collective Activity in Participatory Digital Spaces.” Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 46, no. 1 (January 2016): 4–26.
- ———. “The Piratical Ethos in Streams of Language.” Popular Communication 13, no. 1 (2015): 45–61.
- Licklider, J. C. R., and Robert W. Taylor. “The Computer as a Communications Device.” Science and Technology (April 1968): 12–31.
- Liebert, Rana Saadi. “Apian Imagery and the Critique of Poetic Sweetness in Plato’s Republic.” Transactions of the American Philological Association 140.1 (2010): 97–115.
- Lih, Andrew. “Unwanted: New Articles in Wikipedia.” Andrew Lih, July 10, 2007. Accessed August 22, 2013. http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2007/07/10/unwanted-new-articles-in-wikipedia/.
- ———. The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World’s Greatest Encyclopedia. New York: Hyperion, 2009.
- “List of Wikipedias.” Wikimedia. February 10, 2015. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias.
- Litman, Jessica. Digital Copyright. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 2001.
- Locke, John. An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Edited by Peter H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
- ———. Two Treatises of Government and a Letter concerning Toleration. Edited by Ian Shapiro. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003.
- Logie, John. “A Copyright Cold War?” First Monday 8.7 (2003). Accessed February 21, 2015. http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1064/984.
- ———. “‘I Have No Predecessor to Guide My Steps’: Quintilian and Roman Authorship.” Rhetoric Review 22.4 (2003): 353–73.
- ———. “Peeling the Layers of the Onion: Authorship in Mashup and Remix Cultures.” In The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies, edited by Eduarado Navas, Owen Gallagher, and xtine burrough, 296–309. New York: Routledge, 2014.
- ———. Peers, Pirates, and Persuasion: Rhetoric in the Peer-to-Peer Debates. West Lafayette, Ind.: Parlor, 2006.
- ———. “The (Re)Birth of the Composer.” In Composition and Copyright: Perspectives on Teaching, Text-Making, and the Law, edited by Steve Westbrook, 175–89. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009.
- Long, Pamela O. Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
- Longo, Bernadette. Spurious Coin: A History of Science, Management, and Technical Writing. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.
- Luce, A. V. “‘It Wasn’t Intended to Be an Instruction Manual’: Revisiting Ethics of ‘Objective’ Technical Communication in Gaming Manuals.” In Technical Communication and Computer Games: Technical Communication, Rhetoric and Culture, edited by Jennifer DeWinter and Ryan M. Moller, 87–106. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2014.
- Lundberg, Christian, and Joshua Gunn. “Ouija Board, Are There Any Communications? Agency, Ontotheology, and the Death of the Humanist Subject; or, Continuing the ARS Conversation.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35.4 (2005): 83–105.
- Lunsford, Andrea A. “Rhetoric, Feminism, and the Politics of Textual Ownership.” College English 61.5 (1999): 529–44.
- ———. “Writing, Technologies, and the Fifth Canon.” Computers and Composition 23 (2006): 169–77.
- Lunsford, Andrea A., and Lisa Ede. Singular Texts/Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Writing. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990.
- Lunsford, Andrea A., Jenn Fishman, and Warren M. Liew. “College Writing, Identification, and the Production of Intellectual Property: Voices from the Stanford Study of Writing.” College English 75.5 (2013): 470–92.
- Lynch, Paul, and Nathaniel Rivers. Thinking with Bruno Latour in Rhetoric and Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2015.
- Page 161 →Mack, Ruth. “The Historicity of Johnson’s Lexicographer.” Representations 76.1 (2001): 61–87.
- Mandeville, Bernard. The Fable of the Bees; or, Private Vices, Public Benefits. London: J. Tonson, 1724.
- Manguel, Alberto. A History of Reading. New York: Penguin Books, 1997.
- Maruca, Lisa. The Work of Print: Authorship and the English Text Trades, 1660–1760. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007.
- Matyszczyk, Chris. “Wikipedia to Philip Roth: Hey, You’re Not Credible.” C/net, September 7, 2012. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.cnet.com/news/wikipedia-to-philip-roth-hey-youre-not-credible/.
- McMillan, Robert. “Robots Now Outnumber Humans on the Web.” Wired, December 18, 2014. Accessed February 23, 2015. http://www.wired.com/2014/12/bots-now-outnumber-humans-web/.
- “MediaWiki.” Wikipedia. 2013. Last modified February 19, 2015. Accessed September 7, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki.
- Mega Piranha. Directed by Eric Fosberg. Calif. Asylum, 2010.
- Merrick, Jeffrey. “Royal Bees: The Gender Politics of the Beehive in Early Modern Europe.” Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 18 (1988): 7–37.
- Milde, Karl F., Jr. “Can a Computer Be ‘an Author’ or an ‘Inventor’?” Journal of the Patent Office Society 51.6 (1969): 378–405.
- Miller, Carolyn R. “Expertise and Agency: Transformation of Ethos in Human-Computer Interaction.” In The Ethos of Rhetoric, edited by Michael Hyde, 197–218. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2004.
- ———. “What Can Automation Tell Us about Agency?” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 37.2 (2007): 137–57.
- Milton, John. “Areopagitica.” In The Riverside Milton, edited by Roy Flannagan, 984–1024. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.
- ———. “Eikonoklastes.” In The Prose Works of John Milton, 1:301–483. London: George Bell and Sons, 1889.
- Mol, Jan H. “Attacks on Humans by the Piranha Serrasalmus Rhombeus in Suriname.” Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 41.3 (2006): 189–95.
- Moschovitis, Christos J. P, Hillary Poole, Tami Schuyler, and Theresa M. Senft. History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 1999.
- Moseley, J. M. “Long S.” Typefoundry, January 25, 2008. Accessed August 21, 2013. http://typefoundry.blogspot.com/2008/01/long-s.html.
- Mott, Frank Luther. American Journalism: A History, 1690–1960. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1962.
- Mugglestone, Lynda. Lost for Words: The Hidden History of the Oxford English Dictionary. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2005.
- Navas, Eduardo, Owen Gallagher, and xtine burrough. The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies. New York: Routledge, 2014.
- Nelson, Theodor Holm. Literary Machines 93.1. Sausalito, Calif.: Mindful Press, 1993.
- Nicotra, Jodie. “‘Folksonomy’ and the Restructuring of Writing Space.” College Composition and Communication 61.1 (2009): 259–76.
- Nyce, James M., and Paul Kahn. From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind’s Machine. Boston: Academic, 1991.
- Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. New York: Routledge, 1982. Reprint, 2012.
- “Original Biographical Anecdotes of Ephraim Chambers.” Gentleman’s Magazine, September 1785, 671–74.
- Orlowski, Andrew. “Revolting Peasants Force.” Register, 2013. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/25/wikipedia_peasants_revolt/.
- Osborne, T., and J. Shipton. A catalogue of the capital collection of prints drawings and books of prints, of the late Right Honourable Henry, Lord Viscount Colerane, Never yet expos’d to Sale; consisting of The most Eminent Masters of the Italian, French and Flemish Schools. To which is added, The Small but Curious library of Ephraim Chambers, Esq; Editor of the Cyclopedia, or the Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . . . London: s.n. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, 1756. Page 162 →Accessed August 12, 2013. http://find.galegroupcom.libezproxy2.syr.edu/ecco/infomark.http://find.galegroup.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&docType=ECCOArticles&bookId=0513401000&type=getFullCitation&tabID=T001&prodId=ECCO&docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&version=1.0&source=library.
- Pacey, Arnold. The Culture of Technology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983.
- Parikka, Jussi. Insect Media: An Archaeology of Animals and Technology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
- Park, David W., Nicholas W. Jankowski, and Steve Jones, eds. The Long History of New Media. New York: Peter Lang, 2011.
- Patry, William. Moral Panics and the Copyright Wars. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
- Patterson, Lyman Ray. Copyright in Historical Perspective. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2000.
- Pemberton, Henry. A View of Sir Isaac Newton’s Philosophy. London: S. Palmer, 1728.
- Pingree, Geoffrey B., and Lisa Gitelman. “Introduction: What’s New about New Media?” In New Media, 1740–1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree, xi–xxii. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003.
- Pigg, Stacey. “Coordinating Constant Invention: Social Media’s Role in Distributed Work.” Technical Communication Quarterly 23.2 (2014): 69–87.
- Piranhaconda. Directed by Jim Wynorski. SyFy Channel, 2012.
- Plomer, Henry R. A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were at Work in England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1668–1725, edited by Arundell Esdaile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922. Internet Archive. Accessed January 17, 2015. http://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofprinooplomiala/dictionaryofprinooplomiala_djvu.txt.
- Priedhorsky, Reid, Jilin Chen, Shyong (Tony) K. Lam, Katherine Panciera, Loren Terveen, and John Riedl. “Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia.” In GROUP ’07. Sanibel Island, Fla.: ACM, 2007. Accessed August 22, 2013. ftp://mirror1.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/epics-at-lnl/WikiDumps/localhost/group282-priedhorsky.pdf.
- Prior, Paul, and Jody Shipka. “Chronotopic Lamination: Tracing the Contours of Literate Activity.” In Writing Selves/Writing Societies: Research from Activity Perspectives, edited by Charles Bazerman and David Russell, 180–238. Fort Collins, Colo.: WAC Clearinghouse and Mind, Culture, and Activity, 2003. Accessed September 1, 2013. http://wac.colostate.edu/books/selves_societies/prior/prior.pdf.
- Propen, Amy D. Locating Visual-Material Rhetorics: The Map, The Mill, and the GPS. Anderson, S.C.: Parlor Press, 2012.
- Queoroz, Helder, and Anne E. Magurran. “Safety in Numbers? Shoaling Behaviour of the Amazonian Red-Bellied Piranha.” Biology Letters 1.2 (2005): 155–57. Accessed February 21, 2015. dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0267. https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/safety-in-numbers-shoaling-behaviour-of-the-amazonian-redbellied-piranha(1e7971fe-3bca-4011-b5c7–242b2823d28a).html.
- “Q Who.” Star Trek: The Next Generation. Paramount Television, May 6, 1989.
- Ransome, Hilda M. The Sacred Bee in Ancient Times and Folklore. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2004.
- Reagle, Joseph Michael. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2010.
- Reeves, Joshua. “Temptation and Its Discontents: Digital Rhetoric, Flow, and the Possible.” Rhetoric Review 32.3 (2013): 314–30.
- Reyman, Jessica. The Rhetoric of Intellectual Property: Copyright Law and the Regulation of Digital Culture. New York: Routledge, 2010.
- ———. “The Role of Authorship in the Practice and Teaching of Technical Communication.” In Copy(write): Intellectual Property in the Writing Classroom, edited by Martine Courant Rife, Shaun Slattery, and Dánielle Nicole DeVoss, 347–67. Anderson, S.C.: Parlor, 2011.
- Rheingold, Howard. Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. New York: Basic Books, 2003.
- ———. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000.
- Rickert, Thomas. Ambient Rhetoric: The Attunements of Rhetorical Being. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013.
- Page 163 →Rivington, Septimus. The Publishing Family of Rivington. London: Rivingtons, 1919.
- Rose, Mark. Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.
- ———. “Copyright and Its Metaphors.” UCLA Law Review 50 (2002): 1–16.
- Rosenbaum, Steve. “Can ‘Curation’ Save Media?” Business Insider, April 3, 2009. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/can-curation-save-media-2009–4.
- Rosheim, Mark E. Robot Evolution: The Development of Anthrobotics. New York: Wiley, 1994.
- Roth, Philip. “An Open Letter to Wikipedia.” New Yorker, September 6, 2012. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2012/09/an-open-letter-to-wikipedia.html.
- St. Clair, William. “Metaphors of Intellectual Property.” In Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright, edited by Ronan Deazley, Martin Kretschmer, and Lionel Bently, 369–95. Cambridge, U.K.: Open Book, 2010.
- Saffady, William. Micrographics: Technology for the Twenty-First Century. Prairie Village, Kan.: ARMA International, 2001.
- Sandler, Lucy Freeman. “Notes for the Illuminator: The Case of the Omne bonum.” Art Bulletin 71.4 (1989): 551–64.
- Sanger, Larry. “The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir.” In Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution, edited by Chris DiBona, Mark Stone, and Danese Cooper, 307–38. Beijing: O’Reilly, 2006.
- ———. “Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-elitism.” Kuro5hin, December 31, 2004. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25.
- Sawday, Jonathan. The Machine Mind: Technology and Culture in the European Renaissance. London: Routledge, 2007.
- Sawyer, Keith. Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration. New York: Basic Books, 2008.
- Schiavo, Linda Burd. “From Phantom Image to Perfect Vision: Physiological Optics, Commercial Photography, and the Popularization of the Stereoscope.” In New Media 1740–1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree, 113–38. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993.
- Schlegel, Dorothy. “Freemasonry and the Encyclopédie Reconsidered.” Studies in Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 90 (1972): 1433–60.
- Seccombe, Thomas. “Macbean, Alexander (d. 1784).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Rev. Michael Bevan, online ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed August 21, 2013. http://www.oxforddnb.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/view/article/17354.
- Seeley, Thomas D. Honeybee Democracy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010.
- Segaller, Stephen. Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet. New York: TV Books, 1999.
- Seigenthaler, John. “A False Wikipedia ‘Biography.’” USA Today, November 29, 2005. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://usatoday30.usatoday.comnews/opinion/editorials/2005–11–29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm.
- Selber, Stuart A. Multiliteracies for a Digital Age. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2004.
- Shackleton, Robert. “The Encyclopédie and Freemasonry.” In The Age of the Enlightenment: Studies Presented to Theodore Besterman, 223–40. St. Andrews: St. Andrews University Publications, 1967. Sheridan, Richard B. Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
- Shirky, Clay. Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing without Organizations. New York: Penguin, 2008.
- “Sign the Petition to Request Wikipedia Editors to Respect Other Peoples’ Religion.” Accessed February 17, 2015. Causes.com.
- Simonite, Tom. “The Decline of Wikipedia: Even as More People Than Ever Rely on It, Fewer People Create It.” MIT Technology Review, October 22, 2013. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/.
- Slattery, Shaun. “Textual Coordination: An Argument for the Value of Writers’ Skill with Information Technology.” Technical Communication 52.3 (2005): 353–60.
- Page 164 →Smith, Merritt Roe. “Technological Determinism in American Culture.” In Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism, edited by Leo Marx and Merritt Roe Smith, 1–36. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994.
- Spinuzzi, Clay. “Guest Editor’s Introduction: Technical Communication in the Age of Distributed Work.” Technical Communication Quarterly 16.3 (2007): 265–77.
- Spinuzzi, Clay, and Mark Zachry. “Genre Ecologies: An Open-System Approach to Understanding and Constructing Documentation.” Journal of Computer Documentation 24.3 (2000): 169–81.
- Springtime for Pluto. Directed by Charles A. Nichols. Walt Disney Productions, 1944.
- Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet. New York: Walker, 1998.
- Stubbs, Katherine. “Telegraphy’s Corporeal Fictions.” In New Media 1740–1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree, 91–112. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993.
- Suber, Peter. Open Access. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012.
- Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005.
- Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D. Williams. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Portfolio, 2006.
- Tee for Two. Directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1945.
- Terpak, Frances. “Objects and Contexts.” In Devices of Wonder: From the World in a Box to Images on a Screen, edited by Barbara Stafford and Frances Terpak, 143–364. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001.
- Trithemius, Johannes. In Praise of Scribes (De Laude Scriptorum). Lawrence, Kans.: Coronado, 1974.
- Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
- Turner, Fred. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
- U.S. Const., Art. I, §8, cl. 8
- U.S.C., Title 17, § 101, §102 and §106.
- “User: Rambot.” Wikipedia. Last modified July 18, 2014. Accessed September 8, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Rambot.
- “User: Rambot/translation.” Wikipedia. Last modified November 27, 2010. Accessed September 8, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Rambot/translation.
- “User: SineBot.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 18, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SineBot.
- “User: VoABot II.” Wikipedia. Last modified January 11, 2012. Accessed September 8, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:VoABot_II.
- Vaidhyanathan, Siva. Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity. New York: New York University Press, 2003.
- Viégas, Fernanda B., Martin Wattenberg, and Kushal Dave. “Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with History Flow Visualizations.” In CHI 2004, 6.1 (2004): 575–82. Vienna, Austria: ACM. Accessed August 11, 2013. http://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~silvia/wien/vu-infovis/articles/Viegas-CHI2004.pdf.
- Virgil. The Aeneid. Translated by John Dryden. Kindle ed. Amazon Digital Services, n.d.
- ———. Georgics. Translated by Peter Fallon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
- Voltaire. Elemens de la Philosophie de Newton. Paris: Institut et Musée Voltaire, 1992.
- Wales, Jimmy (Jimbo). “[Wikipedia-l] Wikipedia Is an Encyclopedia.” 2005. Accessed July 16, 2013. http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-March/020469.html.
- Walker, Penelope, and Eva Crane. “English Beekeeping from c 1200 to 1850: Evidence from Local Records.” Local Historian 29.3 (2001): 130–51.
- Watts, Isaac. Divine and Moral Songs for Children. Boston: Samuel Hall, 1796.
- Wells, H. G. The World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1938.
- Wikidata. Last modified October 19, 2014. Accessed October 20, 2014. http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page.
- “Wikimedia Foundation Annual Report 2008–2009.” Wikimedia Foundation. 2009. Accessed July 14, 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/a/a4/WMF_Annual_Report_20082009_online.pdf.
- Page 165 →“Wikimedia Foundation Annual Report 2009–2010.” Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Accessed July 14, 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/AR_web_28pp_24mar11_300.pdf.
- “Wikimedia Foundation 2011–12 Annual Report.” Wikimedia Foundation. 2012. Accessed July 14, 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/WMF-AR_2011%E2%80%9312_EN_SHIP2_17dec12_300dpi_hi-res.pdf.
- “Wikimedia Foundation 2012–13 Annual Report.” Wikimedia Foundation. 2013. Accessed July 14, 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Wmf_AR12_v11_SHIP_2pp_hyper_14jan14.pdf.
- Wikipedia. Last modified January 11, 2015. Accessed January 11, 2015. https://www.wikipedia.org/.
- “Wikipedia: Articles for Deletion: Contributing to AfD Discussions.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 12, 2015. Accessed January 18, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion#Contributing_to_AfD_discussions.
- “Wikipedia: Bots.” Wikipedia. Last modified January 3, 2015. Accessed September 8, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots.
- “Wikipedia Editors Study: Results from the Editor Survey, April 2011.” Wikimedia Foundation. 2011. Accessed February 1, 2015. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Editor_Survey_Report_April_2011.pdf.
- “Wikipedia: Five Pillars.” Wikipedia. Last modified January 20, 2015. Accessed January 21, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars.
- “Wikipedia: Manual of Style/Images.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 3, 2015. Accessed February 17, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images.
- “Wikipedia: Neutral Point of View.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 21, 2015. Accessed February 23, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view.
- “Wikipedia: No Original Research.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 20, 2015. Accessed February 21, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research.
- “Wikipedia: Notability.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 4, 2015. Accessed February 15, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability.
- “Wikipedia: Page_Curation.” Wikipedia. Last modified November 25, 2014. Accessed November 27, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation.
- “Wikipedia: What ‘Ignore All Rules’ Means.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 18, 2015. Accessed February 17, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_%22Ignore_all_rules%22_means.
- “Wikipedia: Wikipedians.” Wikipedia. Last modified January 8, 2016.
- “Wikipedia: WikiProject_Categories.” Wikipedia. Last modified November 26, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Categories.
- “Wikipedia: WikiProject_Deletion.” Wikipedia. Last modified October 1, 2014. Accessed October 1, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion.
- “Wikipedia: WikiProject_Military_history.” Wikipedia. Last modified November 18, 2014. Accessed November 19, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history.
- “Wikiproject: Inclusion.” Wikipedia. Last modified October 18, 2014. Accessed October 18, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Inclusion.
- Wildman, Thomas. A Treatise on the Management of Bees. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1768.
- Williams, Alex. “On the Tip of Creative Tongues.” New York Times, October 2, 2009. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/fashion/04curate.html.
- Williams, John. “Philip Roth Goes Public with Fact Check of Wikipedia.” New York Times ArtsBeat, September 7, 2012. Accessed February 22, 2015. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/philip-roth-goes-public-with-fact-check-of-wikipedia/.
- Willinsky, John. The Access Principle: The Case for Open Access to Research and Scholarship. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
- Winchester, Simon. The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
- Woodmansee, Martha. “Genius and the Copyright.” In The Author, Art and the Market: Rereading the History of Aesthetics, 35–55. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
- Page 166 →Worms, Lawrence. “Senex, John (bap. 1678, D. 1740).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Online Edition. Accessed May 23, 2013. http://www.oxforddnb.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/view/article/25085.
- Yeo, Richard R. Encyclopaedic Visions: Scientific Dictionaries and Enlightenment Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- ———. “Ephraim Chambers’s Cyclopædia (1728) and the Tradition of Commonplaces.” Journal of the History of Ideas 57.1 (1996): 157–75.
- ———. “A Solution to the Multitude of Books: Ephraim Chambers’ Cyclopaedia (1728) as ‘the Best Book in the Universe.” Journal of the History of Ideas 64 (2003): 61–72.
- Zachry, Mark, and Jonathan T. Morgan. “Negotiating with Angry Mastodons: The Wikipedia Policy Environment as Genre Ecology.” In Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP ’10), 165–68. New York: ACM Press, 2010.
- Zuboff, Shoshana. In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. New York: Basic Books, 1988.