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Page 292 →Page 293 →Index
A
- Abernethey, John, 140
- abolitionism: xv, 267, 270, 271; national politics, 17, 69, 191, 204, 275; Simms’s critiques of, xix, 20, 59, 68–69, 119–20, 198, 203, 232–33, 272–73, 279–81
- affluence, 3, 49, 165, 178
- African Americans: political power, 27, 195; stereotypes of, 19, 27; see also abolitionism; emancipation; slavery
- agricultural orations, 13, 14, 15, 20, 22
- agricultural societies, 13, 18, 59
- agriculture/farming: 22, 32, 33, 35, 62, 92, 210, 211; plantation system, xi, 20; reforms, 16, 17, 18, 22, 128; Simms’s views, 13, 15–16, 18–22, 30n7, 36, 87, 156; slavery, 19, 20, 60, 193; social value, xvii, 3, 4, 11, 14–16, 29n4, 31, 34, 197, 257; soil depletion, 16, 17, 20
- American Revolution: 102–4n1, 107; loyalists, 191, 193, 210, 213, 214, 215, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227; motivations, 61, 67, 79, 102–104n1, 112, 115, 116; national character, xviii, 59, 61, 67, 112, 114; and Simms, xi, 18, 67, 79, 88, 89–90, 109, 122, 198; South Carolina role, 68, 190, 191–96, 199, 208, 255, 261, 262, 271; and slavery, xv, 191, 203; women, 27, 73n4; see also Simms, William Gilmore: “South Carolina in the Revolution”
- Americanism, xv, xx
- Anglo-Saxonism, 59, 60, 67, 68–69, 71, 72, 78, 88, 109, 110–11, 114, 116, 123n1
- Arnold, Benedict, xvi, 209, 224, 264
- art, social value, 64–65, 189, 200, 201–2
- Attucks, Crispus, 260
B
- Baskerville, Barnet, 2
- Battle of King’s Mountain, 116, 225
- Becket, Thomas à, 107, 123n3
- Benjamin, Judah, 203
- Bockee, John Jacob, xvi
- Braddock, Edward, 102–4n1, 113, 123n5
- Brenna, Matthew C., 21
- British colonialism, 59, 60–61, 63, 68, 69, 77, 211
- British Romanticism, 12
- Brooks, Preston, 192, 196, 197, 236, 261, 271–72, 279
- Brophy, Alfred L., 60
- Bryant, William Cullen, xvi, 268, 269
- Buchanan, James, 195, 196
- Buel, Jesse, 16, 17, 18
- Bull, John, 213
- Busick, Sean R., 63, 200
- Butler, Andrew, 191, 192
- Butterworth, Keen, ix, x, xx, xxii
C
- Calhoun, John C., 2, 73–74n8, 240, 256
- Calhoun, Martha, 166
- capitalism, xix, 21
- Carlyle, Thomas, xvii, 71
- Carman, Harry J., 17, 245
- Carroll, Charles Rivers, xvi, 238
- Carter, Dan T., 23
- Channing, William Ellery, 2
- Cherokee Nation, xi, 11, 123n5, 193, 224
- Chrestomathic Society (Charleston), 128, 135
- Christianity, 11, 12, 20
- Page 294 →Civil War: 7, 23, 25, 27, 89; see also Confederacy; Simms, William Gilmore: Civil War; slavery advocacy; Southern independence
- class consciousness, 128
- Clay, Henry, 2, 18
- Clinton, Henry, 113
- Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 21
- Confederacy: 234, 236, 246, 267, 271, 276; defeat of, xvi, xix, 6, 7, 11, 12; South Carolina’s role, 215, 227–28; support for, ix, 202–3, 232, 265
- conservatism: 3, 5, 12, 26, 149, 197, 232, 266, 273; see also Southern conservatism
- Cooke, John Eston, 30n10, 128
- Cooper, James Fenimore, ix, x, xi, xiv, xv
- cotton cultivation/culture, xi, 12, 49, 71
- Creek Nation, xi, 11
- Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, 15
D
- Declaration of Independence, 66, 79, 193
- Dekker, George, 62
- demagoguery, 40, 144, 149, 198, 204, 235, 237, 240, 244, 250
- Demaree, Albert Lowther, 18
- democracy, 11, 26, 40, 236
- Democratic Party, 195, 204
- despotism, 45, 69, 81, 107, 108, 115–16, 122, 270, 273
- dishonor, 35, 99, 112, 116, 137, 185, 217
- domestic feeling, 60, 61, 80
- domesticity, 25, 26, 59, 60, 62, 63–64
- Donahue, Brian, 15
- Douglass, Frederick, 2
- Drayton, William Henry, xvi, 102–4n1, 210, 213, 238
- Duyckinck, Evert, xvi, 268, 269
E
- economic commercialization, 3, 31, 62, 102–4n1, 114–15, 128, 146, 255
- Edgar, Walter B., 22, 23
- egotism, 75, 241, 249, 253
- Ellet, Elizabeth, 27, 73n4
- Emancipation, 12, 23, 25, 27
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 2, 12, 21, 24
- emigration, 18, 61, 65, 73n2, 93, 94
- empiricism, 11
- Endres, Kathleen L., 14
- Ensley, Eric William, 22
- Erosophic Society (University of Alabama), 60, 63, 65
- Evans, Josiah James, 192
F
- factionalism, 16
- fanaticism, 274, 279
- Faust, Drew Gilpin, xvii, 3, 4, 12–15, 18, 29n3, 62, 197, 204, 205
- femininity, 24, 26, 45, 64, 132, 134, 172, 179, 182
- Ferguson, Adam, 62
- Ferris, William Hawkins, xvi
- Fields, James Thomas, 190
- Foley, Ehren, 23, 27
- Foner, Eric, 193
- Forrest, Edwin, xvi
- Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, 27
- Franklin, John Hope, 190
- free labor, 69, 198
- Freedmen’s Bureau, 23
- Fremont, John, 195, 263, 280
- French colonialism, 60, 76–77, 80, 88, 210, 211, 212
- Fuller, Margaret, 133
G
- Gadsden, Christopher, 116, 208, 213, 220, 240
- Gates, Horatio, 264
- Gayarré, Charles, xvii
- gender: hierarchies of, 11, 26–27, 60, 133; labor, 24, 25, 26; Simms’s views, 6, 12, 24, 25, 128, 131–32, 133, 135; see also domesticity; femininity; masculinity; Republican Motherhood; Simms, William Gilmore: “Inauguration of the Spartanburg Female College”; True Womanhood
- gender: hierarchies of, 131–34
- Genovese, Eugene, 4, 12, 198
- Georgini, Sara, 28
- German Romanticism, 12
- Page 295 →Glover, John, 259
- Gordon, George (Lord Byron), xvi
- greed, 20, 63, 81, 88, 89, 92, 93, 99, 129, 174, 197
- Greeley, Horace, 2, 194, 196
- Greene, Nathanael, 226, 260, 264
- Gregg, Sara M., 15
- Guilds, John C., ix, xi, xii, xxi, 3, 13
- Guinn, Matthew, 21
- Guizot, Francois, 17, 71
H
- Hagenstein, Edwin C., 15
- Hale, John P., 265
- Halleck, Fitz-Greene, xvi
- Hammond, James Henry, xiii, xvi–xvii, 12, 13, 14, 22, 62, 71, 73–74n8, 127, 192, 196
- Hammond, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, 192
- Hawthorne, Nathaniel, x
- Hayne, Paul Hamilton, xi, xvii, xxi, 240
- Henry, Patrick, 71, 106, 113
- Hereward the Saxon, 66, 106, 123n1
- heroism, xx, 91, 170, 208, 278
- Hesiod, 14, 28
- historical fiction/romances, xiv, xv, xxi, 190
- Hochfield, George, 21
- Holmes, George Frederick, xvii, 62, 71
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 2
- homestead, importance of, 50, 51, 52, 61, 62, 64, 65, 82, 85, 89, 96, 259
- honor: 83, 97, 102–4n1, 116, 121, 145, 146, 182, 185, 195, 197, 204, 230, 252; education, 86, 134; farming, 40; labor,1, 2, 49, 102, 149, 152–56; versus greed, 20; and Simms, 7, 130, 195, 247; slaveholding, 68, 69, 70, 233; social standing, 2; of South Carolina, 192, 194, 199, 208–9, 228, 240, 244; and the Union, 68, 69, 117, 239; women, 172, 179, 180, 184
- Huger, Isaac, 213
- humanism, 21
- humanities, 4, 37, 60, 86, 91
- Hunt, Leigh, xvi
I
J
K
L
- Laurens, John, 208, 213, 220, 259, 260
- Lawson, James, xiii, xv–xvi, 13, 28, 66, 238
- Lee, Charles, 218, 219, 220, 246
- Lee, Harry, 221
- Legare, Hugh Swinton, xvi, 106, 240
- Levin, Harry, 16
- Lincoln, Benjamin, 215, 216, 218–19, 223, 246
- Lossing, Benson John, 189
- Lost Cause, 28, 29
- Lueck, Therese L., 14
- Lynch, Charles, 213
M
- Manifest Destiny, xviii
- manners, 39, 41, 78, 92, 94, 97, 114, 132, 134, 172, 179, 194
- Marion, Francis, xv, 113, 116, 123n1,5, 208, 220, 225, 240, 255, 256
- Marshall, John, 256
- Martin, Howard Hastings, 66
- masculinity, 2, 131, 132, 184, 195
- materialism, 4, 6, 11, 20, 59, 61, 130, 198–99, 200–201
- Meek, Alexander Beaufort, xvii
- middle class, 128
- migration: x, 6, 17, 22; see also emigration; westward expansion
- Miller, James David, 17, 65
- Miller, Jane, x
- Miller, John, x
- Mitchell, Margaret, 128
- Page 296 →Moltke-Hansen, David, 4, 59–60, 63, 65, 71, 72–73n1, 73n3, 198, 200
- moral character, 11, 20, 59–60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 69, 198, 201
- moral education, 25, 170
- Moultrie, William, 116, 208, 214, 215–22, 223, 224, 238, 240
N
O
- O’Brien, Michael, 4, 60, 69, 73n6, 128–29, 131
- Old Southwest, xii, 6, 72, 73n2
- Oliver, Robert T., 70, 203
- oratory: 75, 86, 98, 99, 102–4n1, 105–7, 110, 119, 165, 234, 240, 249, 251, 252, 256, 263; importance in the South, 1, 3, 29, 72; and slavery, 23, 196; and women, 131, 132
- Orr, James Lawrence, 190
- Ovid, 14, 28
P
- Page, Thomas Nelson, 128
- Panic of 1819, 3
- Panic of 1837, xv, 3
- Parrington, Vernon L., xxii
- paternalism, 4, 18, 19, 23, 30n5, 48, 65, 69, 85, 162, 197–98
- patriarchy, xviii, 23, 27, 32, 34, 42, 64, 71, 83, 84, 88, 119
- patriotism: American independence, 66, 67, 90, 102–4n1, 105, 106, 107–8, 112, 115, 117, 119; in literature, xv; nobility of, 15, 32, 81, 170, 251, 257; North vs. South, 122, 208, 212–13, 216, 220–25, 231–32, 241, 245–46, 260; women, 27, 172
- Perry, Benjamin Franklin, xvi
- Pinckney, Thomas, 213, 240
- Poe, Edgar Allan: ix, x, xv, xx, 30n8
- pragmatism, 6, 20, 21, 63
- Prevost, Augustine, 215–21, 222, 223
- professional classes, 6, 127, 128, 129–30, 136–41, 145, 151, 156
- property ownership, 63, 98, 118, 212
- provincialism, 201, 246
- public intellectual, 2, 3, 11, 21, 29n3, 59, 71–72, 136, 200, 204
- Puritans/puritanism, 68, 78, 87, 94, 107, 118, 278
Q
R
- Rable, George, 29
- racial anxiety, 30n10
- racial conflict, 69
- racial hierarchies, 11
- radical Republicanism, 196
- Randolph, John, 256
- realism, xx–xxi, xxii
- Reconstruction, 23, 25, 27, 30n10
- Redfield, Justus Starr, 190
- Republican Motherhood, 26, 135
- Republican Party, 195, 196, 204, 211
- republicanism, 17, 203, 213–14
- Reynolds, Thomas Caute, 65
- rice cultivation/culture, xi, 49, 211, 259, 261
- Richardson, Charles, xxi
- Roach, Nash, 13
- Robertson, William, 62
- Romanticism: xxi, xxii, 20, 28, 30n6; see also German Romanticism
- Rosenthal, Caitlin, 19
- Ross, Jane, x
- Ruffin, Edmund, xvii, 17, 18, 62, 71, 195
- Russell, John, xvii
- Rutledge, John, 106, 116, 208, 216–23, 240, 256
S
- Sabine, Lorenzo, 191, 192–93, 199, 242, 244
- Page 297 →Scott, Anne Firor, 131, 134
- Scott, Donald M., 2, 136
- Scott, Walter, xi, 14, 72–73n1, 123n1
- Scott, Winfield, 256
- secession, 4, 7, 69, 70, 205
- sectionalism, xxi-xxii, 3, 5, 6, 59, 66, 69–70, 120–21, 189, 193–94, 202–3, 240–42, 268, 275, 280
- self-determination, 60, 66
- Sellers, James B., 60
- Sherman, William Tecumseh, xix, 23
- Shillingsburg, Miriam, xii, 206
- Simmons, James Wright, xvi
- Simmons, William Gilmore: education, 127–28; public speaking, 127
- Simms, Ann Malcolm Giles, xii
- Simms, Chevillette Eliza Roach, xiii, 13
- Simms, Gilly, xiii-xiv
- Simms, James, x
- Simms, William Gilmore: ix–x, xxi, 13, 29n2; and agriculture, 16, 22; “Antagonism of the Social Moral,” 5, 202, 253–81; Atlantis: A Story of the Sea, xiv; Barnwell Address, 5, 12–24, 29n4, 31–43, 43n5, 59, 67, 73n2, 128, 193; “Choice of a Profession,” 5, 127–28, 137–58, 190; Civil War, xv-xvi, xix, xxii; criticism of the North, 196, 197, 198, 199; “The Epochs and Events of American History,” 5, 59, 73n6; freedom (concept of), 67–68, 73n5; “Inauguration of the Spartanburg Female College,” 5, 25, 127, 131, 136n1,2, 159–85; journal editorships, ix, xv, xvi; journalism, xiv; letters, ix, xii, xvii; literary criticism, xiv, xx; love of nature, 6, 12, 21, 23–25; novels/longer works, xiv, xv, xx, xxi; poetry, xii, xiii, xiv, xix, xxii, 1; “Poetry and the Practical,” xix, 1, 5, 30n8, 190; public speaking, 2, 7, 59, 71, 72, 105, 189–91, 194–96, 206; “The Sense of the Beautiful,” xx, 5, 12, 22, 23–29, 44–55, 67, 135; slaveholding, xiii, 4, 23; slavery defenses, ix, xviii, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19–21, 27, 30n5, 60, 65, 112, 118, 155, 191, 197–98, 202, 257–58, 260, 277–78, 281; “Social Moral” series, 5, 197, 198–99, 201–2, 203–5, 230–52; Social Principle, The, xii, xviii, 5, 25, 59–65, 67, 73n6, 74n11, 75–102, 102–3n1, 130; “Sources of American Independence,”5, 59–60, 65–66, 73–74n8, 105–23, 197, 199, 203; South Carolina General Assembly, xv; “South Carolina in the Revolution,” 5, 191–96, 199, 207–229, 261; Southern independence, xv, xix, 6, 74n10; see also abolitionism: Simms’s critiques of; agriculture/farming: Simms’s views; Americanism; Anglo-Saxonism; gender: Simms’s views; Southern nationalism
- Sims, Elisabeth, x
- Sims, William, x
- Singleton, John, x
- slavery: 64, 190, 196, 250; African culture, xi; and American Revolution, 191, 192–93; critiques of, xxii, 4, 191–92; defenses of, 4; labor, 69, 19, 20, 269, 280; link with white indolence, 20, 193, 198–99, 256; profitability of, 72, 261; westward expansion, 68–70, 72, 189, 263; see also abolitionism; Simms, William Gilmore: slaveholding; slavery advocacy
- Snowden, William W., 14
- social realism, xv, xxi
- social responsibility, 127, 128–29, 130
- social/political stability, 6, 12, 18, 22, 36, 60, 122, 197, 198, 201
- Southern conservatism, 4, 12, 20–21
- Southern identity, 189
- Southern nationalism, 195, 197, 203
- Spanish colonialism, xviii, xx, 60, 76, 77, 80, 88, 211, 212
- spiritualism, 12
- stadialism, xvii, 62, 72–73n1
- State Agricultural Society of South Carolina, 14
- Stephens, Hamilton, 203
- Stewart, Dugald, 62
- Stoll, Steven, 17, 18, 22
- Page 298 →Sumner, Charles, 2, 191, 192–93, 196–202, 233, 235–38, 241–42, 244–45, 261–63, 265, 271–72, 277
- Sumter, Thomas, 116, 208, 225, 240, 256
T
- Tariff of 1842, 70
- Tate, Adam L., 4, 11
- taxation, 61, 67, 79
- Taylor, John, 15, 256
- Thompson, John Reuben, 190
- Thoreau, Henry David, 2, 12, 21
- Timrod, Henry, xvi, xvii
- Toombs, Robert Augustus, 203
- Towns, W. Stuart, 29
- Transcendentalism, 4, 21, 133
- Trent, William Peterfield, xii, xv, xxii
- Trescott, William Henry, 203
- Trescott, William Henry, 203
- True Womanhood, 12, 25, 26, 135
- Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, xvii, 62, 71
U
V
W
- War of 1812, xii, 117
- Warren, James Perrin, 66, 72, 73n6,7, 189
- Washington, George, 113–14, 120, 123n5, 213, 224, 256, 260, 264
- Webster, Daniel, 2, 18, 106, 233–34, 237–38
- Wells, Jonathan Daniel, 128, 136
- westward expansion, x, xviii, 3, 19, 20, 68, 73n2, 189
- white privilege, 12, 26, 72
- white supremacy, 27
- Wilde, Richard Henry, xvii
- William Gilmore Simms Society, ix
- Wimsatt, Mary Ann, xv, xvi
- Woodlands Plantation, xiii, xiv, xix, 13, 22, 23, 190
- Woods, Michael E., 70, 196, 204
- Wordsworth, William, 21, 22