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Unvarnishing Reality: Subversive Russian and American Cold War Satire: Index

Unvarnishing Reality: Subversive Russian and American Cold War Satire
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table of contents
  1. Cover Page
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Contents
  5. Introduction
    1. A Working Definition of Russian Literature
    2. Note on Translations, Quoted Materials, and Titles
  6. 1: The Role of Literature during the Cold War
    1. The Historical and Cultural Context of the Cold War
    2. “When night seems thickest and the earth itself an intricate absurdity”: Literature as a Reaffirmation of Life in an Increasingly Dangerous World
    3. A Brief History (and Working Definition) of Subversive Satire
    4. Cold War Satire: Genre, Subgenre, Mode, All of the Above, or None?
  7. 2: The Intersection of Literature and Politics during the Cold War
    1. The Landscape of the Cold War’s “City of Words”
    2. Fictionality and the Ultimate Purpose of Subversive Satire
    3. The Cognitive Conception of the Cold War
    4. Sites and Sources of Linguistic Deformation
    5. Civil Defense: A Manhattan Project for Subversive Satirists
  8. 3: “The Bind of the Digital” and Other Oversimplified Logic
    1. “Bad shit, to be avoided”: The Pathology of Cold War Dichotomies in the United States
    2. “But you’re one of ours, aren’t you?”: Russian Subversions of Binary Logic
    3. “Backwards fly, my locomotive!”: Two Moralistic Subversions of Cold War Logic
  9. 4: Cold War Critiques of Utopia
    1. Series and Systems: The Chronic Nature of Cold War Dystopia
    2. The Cultural Context of Cold War Utopianism
    3. “It’s much more difficult to convince one individual of an idiotic idea than an entire people”: Undoing the Damage of Utopianism
  10. 5: Totalized Distortions and Fabrications
    1. “Is It O.K. to Be a Luddite?”: Technology, Dehumanization, and Resistance
    2. “Peace Is Our Profession”: Science, Industry, and the Military Working Together
    3. “Poetry is the art of subordinating facts to the imagination”: Cold War Pathology in the United States
    4. “When life and Socialist Realist art converge”: Questioning the Story of Soviet History
  11. Epilogue: There Is Still Time
  12. Appendix: Time Line of Events and Publications
  13. Notes
  14. Bibliography
  15. Index
  16. About the Author

Page 243 →Index

  • Adorno, Theodor, 2
  • Aitmatov, Chingiz, xiii, 202, 205n3, 206n9, 213n23
  • Aksyonov, Vassily, xiii, xv, 5, 9, 25, 29, 40, 46–47, 49, 75, 81, 124, 129–34, 157–60, 179, 197, 201–3, 206n6, 212n15, 213n20, 217n5, 217n8, 219nn23–24, 220n26, 223n14, 224nn15–16, 224n20
  • The Burn, 134, 202, 217n5
  • The Island of Crimea, 40, 75, 129–34, 203, 213n20, 219nn23–25, 220n26
  • “Little Whale, Varnisher of Reality,” 25
  • Metropol’, xv, 93, 202, 212n15
  • The New Sweet Style, xiii–xiv, 197
  • Our Golden Ironburg, 46–47, 75, 76, 157–60, 179, 185, 186, 202, 223n14, 224nn15–18, 224n20, 224n22
  • Say Cheese!, xv, 49, 203, 212n15
  • “The Steel Bird,” 134
  • Aleshkovsky, Yuz, 5, 29, 44, 93–101, 102, 107, 109, 166, 168, 179, 180–86, 202–3, 206n8, 216n43, 216nn45–46, 217n8, 219n25, 220n32, 221n38, 225n29, 227n42, 228n50
  • The Hand, 44, 93–101, 107, 109, 166, 168, 180, 184, 202, 215nn40–42, 216nn43–44, 216nn46–52, 219n25, 220n32, 221n38, 225n29
  • Kangaroo, 44, 179, 180–86, 203, 206n8, 216n45, 227nn39–46, 228nn47–51
  • antinuclear movements, 11–12, 34
  • apocalypticism, 8–9, 66, 103, 110–11, 131, 133, 143, 164, 177–78, 194, 217n8
  • Baker, Nicholson, 4
  • Barth, John, 6, 14, 28, 43, 49, 58, 63–70, 104, 161, 201, 211nn6–9, 212nn10–13, 223n11
  • Giles Goat-Boy, 6, 43, 49, 58, 63–70, 161, 201, 211nn6–9, 212nnn10–12, 223n11
  • Barthelme, Donald, 7, 29, 201
  • Snow White, 7, 201
  • Unspeakable Practices, Unnatural Acts, 7, 201
  • Beria, Lavrenty. 98
  • as literary character, 183, 186, 187, 189, 191–93
  • binary logic, xi, 58–107
  • criticisms of, 19, 51, 58–70, 75–93, 101–7, 120, 136, 137–42, 163–64, 167–70, 225n26
  • in Russian/Soviet culture, 70–74, 101, 131, 140–41, 217n6
  • Bondarev, Yuri, 5, 82
  • Booker, M. Keith, 94, 110, 117, 130–31, 168, 185, 186, 192, 206n7, 208n4, 213n19–20, 217n1, 222n42, 228n52
  • Boyer, Paul, 6–7, 54, 149–51, 154, 160, 206nn4–5, 206n10, 218n13, 223n11
  • Brezhnev, Leonid, 11, 13, 25, 26, 43, 45, 76, 90, 98, 160, 188, 192, 201–3, 208n2, 208n3, 209n20, 224n22, 228n55
  • Bulgakov, Mikhail, 16–17, 111, 199, 207n17
  • Bulychev, Kirill, 9
  • Bundy, McGeorge, 6, 195
  • Bunin, Ivan, xiv
  • Burdick, Eugene and Wheeler, Harvey, 48, 153–56, 201
  • Fail-Safe, 48, 153–56, 178, 201
  • Cabell, James Branch, 117, 199
  • Jurgen, 117, 119, 199
  • Chakovsky, Alexander, 75
  • Victory, 75
  • civil defense, 51–56, 149, 210n22, 210n28
  • Clowes, Edith, 75, 82–83, 85, 87, 131, 133, 137, 208n4, 217n1, 222n42
  • Page 244 →cognitive schemata, 32–35, 37–39, 42, 48, 58, 86, 87, 104, 115, 121, 159, 163, 164, 166, 167–70, 208n9
  • cold war: and effects on public language, 39–51
  • literary response to, xii, 4–14, 23–29, 108, 119, 121–23, 142–43, 144–47, 155–56, 161–64, 193
  • reaction to end of, vii–ix, 195–97
  • rhetorical aspects of, 2–3, 27, 32–39, 58, 74, 87, 90, 111–18, 148–50, 155, 174–76
  • and technology, 44–48, 144–47
  • Condon, Richard, ix
  • Coover, Robert, 6, 14, 29, 40, 43, 109, 161–72, 179, 202, 208n6, 222n2, 225nn24–25, 225n27, 226n32
  • The Origin of the Brunists, 6
  • The Public Burning, 40, 43, 109, 161–72, 179, 181, 183–84, 193, 202, 208n6, 211n3, 222n2, 225nn24–27, 226nn30–32
  • Cuban Missile Crisis, 6, 10, 13, 58, 116, 117, 122, 155, 160, 195, 201
  • Daniel, Yuli, xiv, 73, 201, 205n3
  • DeLillo, Don, 4, 7, 40, 43, 49, 63, 157, 172–79, 197, 202–3, 217n5
  • End Zone, 7, 43, 172, 179, 202, 226n33, 227n37
  • Underworld, 197, 226n33, 227n37
  • White Noise, 40, 49, 63, 157, 173–79, 203, 211n5, 217n5, 226nn33–35
  • Derrida, Jacques, 147–49, 153, 176, 191, 196, 203
  • détente, 13, 202
  • Doctorow, E. L., 4
  • Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 101, 216n51
  • Dovlatov, Sergei, xv, 5, 26–27, 40–42, 75, 202–3, 209n10, 214n26
  • The Compromise, 40–42, 203, 209n10
  • The Invisible Book, 26–27, 202, 214n26
  • Ours, 75, 203
  • Dudintsev, Vladimir, 5, 205n2
  • dystopia, 4, 15, 48, 75, 108–10, 117, 121, 124, 159, 172, 217n4, 218nn14–15, 222n42
  • critical perspectives on, 108–10, 217n3
  • serial and systemic forms of, 15, 48, 109–43
  • Einstein, Albert, 3, 10
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D., 47, 53, 147, 208n6, 209n19, 210n26, 222n2, 225n27
  • as literary character, 162–64, 166, 172, 226n30
  • Ezrahi, Sidra DeKoven, 3
  • Frank, Pat, 54, 106, 210n26
  • Alas, Babylon, 54, 106, 210n26
  • glasnost, xiv, 5, 12, 39, 40, 203
  • Gogol, Nikolai, 46, 94, 129, 214n26
  • Golding, William, 6
  • Gorbachev, Mikhail, 39, 40, 203
  • Hašek, Jaroslav, 14, 213n21
  • Heller, Joseph, 6, 48, 118–21, 197, 201, 221n38
  • Catch-22, 6, 48, 54, 58, 118–21, 170, 201, 221n38
  • Closing Time, 197
  • Henriksen, Margot, 113, 116, 118–19, 121, 123, 206n15, 209n20
  • Hersey, John, 53, 200
  • Hiroshima, 53, 200
  • Hiroshima: atomic bombing of, 2–3, 8, 10, 53, 122, 145–46, 160, 173, 174, 196, 200
  • Hirshberg, Matthew, 32–33, 35, 48, 58, 86, 101, 104, 115, 121, 163, 164, 166, 167–68, 209n9, 211n1
  • historiographic metafiction, 18–20, 21–22, 31, 161, 180, 185
  • Hoban, Russell, 202, 217n10, 229n1
  • Riddley Walker, 202, 217n10, 229n1
  • Holocaust: parallels to cold war literature in literature of, 2–3, 146, 151–52
  • Hutcheon, Linda, 18–20, 21–22, 31, 161, 180, 185, 207n20
  • Huxley, Aldous, 117, 199
  • Brave New World, 117, 199
  • Il’f, Ilya, 16, 199, 205n3, 207n18, 213n17
  • Iser, Wolfgang, 30–32, 39, 48, 69, 76–77, 117, 163, 187, 196, 211n1, 212n13
  • Iskander, Fazil, xiii, 5, 9, 40, 44, 49, 75, 82–93, 142, 156, 201–3, 205n3, 213n23, 214n33, 215n36, 222n42
  • The Goatibex Constellation, 40, 142, 156, 201
  • Rabbits and Boa Constrictors, 44, 49, 75, 82–93, 120, 142, 203, 214nn33–34, 215nn36–39
  • Kahn, Herman, 201
  • as depicted in literature, 153–56
  • and role as deterrence theorist, 152–53
  • Page 245 →Kataev, Valentin, 100, 207n17
  • Kennan, George, viii, 19
  • Kennedy, John F., ix, 6, 58, 160, 166, 171, 201
  • Kharitonov, Mark, 197
  • Lines of Fate, 197
  • Khrushchev, Nikita, 11, 13, 16, 25, 73, 76, 160, 200–201, 205n2, 206n6, 209n19, 213n23
  • as literary character, 98, 187
  • Kochetov, Vsevolod, 75
  • Regional Party Secretary, 75
  • Kozhevnikov, Vadim, 75
  • Introduce Yourself, Baluev!, 75
  • Kramer, Stanley, 56, 130, 201
  • On the Beach (film), 53, 56, 130, 131, 178, 197, 201, 210nnn23–24, 219n23
  • Kubrick, Stanley, 3–4, 48, 54–56, 123, 155, 201, 223n11
  • Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 3–4, 48, 52, 54–56, 58, 123, 148, 151, 153, 155–56, 201, 210n28, 214n35, 223n10–11
  • Langer, Lawrence L., 3
  • Langer, R. W., 55, 114–15, 122, 124, 218n12
  • language: debasements and deformations of, 39–51, 68, 77, 94–98, 99, 114–17, 126–29, 142–43, 147–51, 154, 157, 163, 165–72, 175–77, 181–93
  • as propaganda, xi, 2, 10–11, 23, 34–35, 37, 39, 41, 42–44, 50, 52, 73, 74, 84, 85, 86, 91, 94, 95, 100, 112, 115, 124–29, 132, 138, 150, 156, 159, 163, 164–65, 175–76, 181, 188, 189–91, 215n39
  • le Carré, John, vii
  • Lenin, Vladimir, 16, 72, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 199
  • Lewis, Sinclair, x, 87, 117, 119, 199
  • Babbitt, 117, 119, 199, 211n3
  • It Can’t Happen Here, 87, 117, 199
  • Lifton, Robert Jay, 7, 53, 115, 173–74, 196, 201, 219n17, 222n3
  • Makanin, Vladimir, 197
  • Escape Hatch, 197
  • The Long Road Ahead, 197
  • Maltby, Paul, 29–30, 31, 39–40, 42–43, 44–45, 48–49, 60, 62, 101, 121, 151, 162, 164, 171, 209n10, 211n1, 211n6
  • Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 16–17, 100, 199, 213n17
  • McCarthy, Joseph, 23, 87, 145, 164, 200, 210n26, 218n14, 225n24, 225n28
  • Miller, Walter M., Jr., 178, 194–96, 201
  • A Canticle for Leibowitz, 178, 194–96, 201, 229nn1–2
  • Millet, Lydia, 197
  • Oh Pure and Radiant Heart, 197
  • Morson, Gary Saul, 108–9, 164, 193, 208n3, 208n4, 217n1
  • Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD), 13, 115, 152–53
  • Nagasaki: atomic bombing of, 2–3, 10, 122, 200
  • Nixon, Richard, 7, 63, 201–2, 210n26, 225n28
  • as literary character, 43, 162–72, 179, 181, 225n27
  • nuclear war: fear of, 6–9, 205n1
  • as literary theme, 6–14, 98–99, 102, 147–49, 154–56, 194–96, 210n28
  • and psychic numbing, 173–74
  • O’Brien, Tim, 49
  • The Nuclear Age, 49
  • O’Connor, Flannery, 106
  • Olesha, Yuri, 16–17, 205n3, 214n26
  • Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 10, 63, 122, 124, 211n2, 211n8, 218n16–17, 225n28
  • Orwell, George, 23, 109, 115, 117, 135, 172, 200, 228n47
  • Nineteen Eighty-Four, 109, 117, 119, 135, 172, 200, 211n3, 228n47
  • Owen, Wilfrid, 14
  • parody, 29, 31, 51, 55, 66, 67, 75, 77–82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 91, 100, 103, 108–9, 122, 125, 135, 136, 140–41, 143, 157, 159–60, 164, 172, 186, 188, 190, 191–92, 193, 224n20
  • Pasternak, Boris, xiv, 15, 35, 111, 201, 205n3, 228n52
  • Pelevin, Viktor, 197
  • Chapaev and Void, 197, 229n3
  • The Lives of Insects, 197
  • Omon Ra, 197
  • Percy, Walker, 7, 43, 101–7, 202–3, 216n53
  • Love in the Ruins, 7, 43, 101–7, 202, 216n53
  • Petrov, Yevgeny, 16, 199, 207n18, 213n17
  • Page 246 →Platonov, Andrei, 111
  • Pynchon, Thomas: ix, xii, 4, 6–7, 14, 19, 23–24, 29, 35–37, 48, 57, 58–63, 104, 110, 144–47, 151–52, 194, 197, 201–3, 206n12, 208n8, 209n19, 211n4, 222n1, 222n3, 228n47, 229n4
  • Against the Day, 197
  • The Crying of Lot 49, 7, 23–24, 58–63, 64, 70, 102, 201, 206n12
  • Gravity’s Rainbow, 7, 35–37, 48, 57, 61–62, 110, 119, 144, 146, 147, 151–52, 202, 208n8, 222n1, 228n47
  • Inherent Vice, 63
  • “Is It O.K. to Be a Luddite?,” 144–47, 194, 203, 222n3
  • Mason & Dixon, 197, 229n4
  • Slow Learner, 7, 203
  • V., 6, 61–62, 146, 147, 201, 209n19
  • Vineland, ix, 63, 203
  • Reed, Ishmael, 4, 7, 19, 49, 202
  • The Free-lance Pallbearers, 49
  • Mumbo Jumbo, 7, 19, 202
  • Remarque, Erich Maria, 14
  • Rorty, Richard, ix–xii, 19, 60
  • Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 200, 208n6, 225n24, 225n28
  • as literary characters, 162–71, 183–84
  • Roshwald, Mordecai, 210n26, 210n28
  • Level 7, 210n26, 210n28
  • Roszak, Theodore, 57–58
  • Roth, Phillip, 197
  • I Married a Communist, 197
  • Rozov, Viktor, 82
  • Ryan[-Hayes], Karen L., 16, 75, 85, 92, 179–80, 208n4
  • Sagan, Carl, 195, 210n22
  • Sakharov, Andrei, 11, 35, 73, 202–3, 207n13
  • samizdat, xiv, 17
  • satire: critical views on, 14–16, 17–22, 108–10
  • and moralism, 93, 98–107
  • and mode vs. genre debate, 20–22, 108–10
  • in official Soviet literature, 16–17, 75, 206n9, 207n16–18, 213nn17–18
  • as subversive, 14–16, 18, 31–32, 38, 51, 58, 69–70, 75, 77, 83, 86, 92–93, 99, 107, 108, 116–118, 119–21, 125–29, 132, 137, 142–43, 145, 147, 156, 157, 159–61, 162–72, 175, 178–79, 180, 183, 185–86, 187–88, 192, 193, 197
  • science fiction, 6, 9, 75, 121, 145–47, 217n3
  • Shalamov, Varlam, xiv
  • “Shelter, The” (Twilight Zone episode), 53–54, 201
  • Shute, Nevil, 6, 201, 210n23
  • On the Beach, 6, 53, 201, 210nn23–24, 219n23
  • Silko, Leslie Marmon, ix–xi, xii, 19, 222n4
  • Almanac of the Dead, ix
  • Ceremony, x–xi, 222n4
  • Simonov, Konstantin, 24–25
  • and “varnishing of reality” (lakirovka), 25
  • Sinyavsky, Andrei [Abram Tertz], xiii, xiv, 28, 35, 43, 44, 46–47, 48, 72, 73, 74, 101, 125, 129, 131, 156, 201–2, 222n42
  • The Makepeace Experiment, 46–47, 142, 156, 201
  • Soviet Civilization, xiii, 43, 72, 125
  • The Trial Begins, 29, 201
  • What Is Socialist Realism?, 29, 201
  • Socialist Realism, 5, 17, 24–25, 28, 75–77, 80–82, 97, 157, 185, 188, 190, 192, 194, 212n14, 213n21, 223n13, 224n17
  • Sokolov, Sasha, 5, 29, 179–80, 186–93, 203, 228n52
  • Astrophobia, 179–80, 186–93, 203, 228n52, 228nn54–55, 229n56, 229n58–59
  • Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 15, 35–36, 82, 136, 202–3, 205n2, 206n9, 212n15, 213n23, 214n25, 220nn27–28, 228n52
  • Sorokin, Vladimir, 197
  • The Norm, 197
  • Stalin, Joseph, xiii, xiv, 5, 11, 16, 17, 24–25, 45, 47, 48, 73–74, 76, 80–81, 84–86, 87, 88–89, 90, 92, 94, 98, 111, 112, 116, 117, 138, 160, 180, 181, 182, 188, 189, 190, 199–200, 214n30, 215n37, 215n42, 216n48, 220n26, 220n31, 223n13, 224n22
  • as literary character, 93, 96–98, 168, 187, 192, 214n25, 225n29, 227n40
  • Stein, Gertrude, 1, 15
  • Stephenson, Neal, ix, xii
  • Strugatsky, Boris and Arkady, 9, 142
  • Prisoners of Power, 9
  • Tale of a Troika, 142
  • The Ugly Swans, 142
  • Szilard, Leo, 10, 206n12
  • tamizdat, xiv, xv, 15, 17, 28, 156
  • Tanner, Tony, 23–24, 27–29, 31, 48, 202, 211n1, 211n6
  • Page 247 →“Thaw,” the [Ottepel’], xiv, 5, 13–14, 16, 25, 76, 81–82, 98, 111, 156, 160, 200, 205n2, 208n1
  • “third wave” (tret’ia volna) of émigrés, xv
  • Tolstoy, Leo, 101, 207n21, 216n51
  • Twain, Mark, 20
  • utopianism, 4, 51, 75, 83, 85, 87, 101, 108–43, 196, 214n27, 217n2
  • in American culture, 111–24, 217n9, 218n11
  • and atomic power, 113–15
  • critical perspectives on, 108–10
  • in Russian/Soviet culture, 110–11, 116, 125–43
  • Vasilenko, Svetlana, 197
  • Little Fool, 197
  • Vizenor, Gerald, 197
  • Hiroshima Bugi, 197
  • Voinovich, Vladimir, 6, 9, 25–26, 44, 45–46, 49, 75, 109, 124, 134–42, 192–93, 197, 202–3, 206n6, 208n2, 209n15, 212n15, 213n19, 213n21, 217n8, 220n27, 221nn36–38
  • The Anti-Soviet Soviet Union, 25–26, 49, 203
  • In Plain Russian, 49, 202
  • The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin, 45–46, 75, 76, 192, 202, 209n15, 213n21
  • Monumental Propaganda, 197
  • Moscow 2042, 44, 75, 109, 134–42, 192–93, 203, 212n15, 213n19, 217n8, 220nn27–32, 221nn33–40, 222n41
  • Portrait in a Myth’s Setting, 220n27
  • Pretender to the Throne, 46, 75, 76, 202, 213n21
  • Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr., 6, 7, 47–48, 49, 50–51, 117, 119, 121–24, 147, 197, 200–202, 209n16, 209n19, 217n5, 218n16, 219n19
  • Cat’s Cradle, 6, 48, 49, 50–51, 121–24, 201, 209n19, 217n5, 218n16, 219n19
  • Galápagos, 49
  • God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, 51
  • Player Piano, 47–48, 117, 119, 147, 200, 209n16, 219n19
  • The Sirens of Titan, 228n47
  • Slaughterhouse-Five 7, 51, 201
  • Timequake, 197
  • Watkins, Peter, 52–53, 201
  • The War Game, 52–53, 201, 210n21
  • Weisenburger, Steven, 8–9, 14–16, 21–22, 28–29, 31–32, 69, 119–20, 225n24
  • White, E. B., 2
  • White, Hayden, 1–2
  • Writers’ Union of the USSR [Soiuz pisatelei SSSR], xiii, xiv, 24–25, 28, 199, 205n4
  • Zamyatin, Evgeny, 117, 199, 209n16, 223n14
  • We, 117, 119, 139, 199, 209n16, 223n14
  • Zinoviev, Alexander, 6, 9, 44, 49–50, 75, 77–82, 124, 125–29, 157, 202–3, 208n6, 209n14, 212n15, 213n24, 214nn25–26, 214nn30–31, 219n22
  • Homo Sovieticus, 49–50, 202, 208n6
  • The Madhouse, 219n22, 228n47
  • The Radiant Future, 44, 82, 125–29, 202, 219nn21–22
  • The Yawning Heights, 44, 49, 75, 77–82, 125–26, 157, 202, 209n14, 213n24, 214nn25–31
  • Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 16–17, 183, 205n3, 207n17, 227n46.

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